2. Skeletal System Ravneet Dhaliwal

3. What it does…  The skeletal system has many important functions which include-  Supporting the body  Protecting internal organs  Providing movement  Stores mineral reserves  Provides a site for cell formation

4. What it’s composed of…  The skeletal system is made of bones  Bones are composed of mineral salts- mainly calcium and phosphorous  Bones are a solid network of living cells and protein fibers supported by deposits of calcium salts  For more info go here (read page and animation where it says Bones: Click here for a full diagram)here  The skeletal system is also composed of joints which is a place where a bone attaches to another bone  It’s also composed of ligaments

5. The skeleton…

6. How does it work…  Skeletal muscles move bones  Joints permit bones to move without damaging each other  Depending on the movement of the joint, it is classified as immovable, slightly movable, or freely movable  Fibrous joints- connects bones without allowing movement (skull)  Cartilaginous joints- connect bones with cartilage allowing little movement (ribs)  Synovial joints- cavities between bones in these joints are filled with synovial fluid that lubricate and protect bones

7. How does it work 2…  Types of joints…  Hinge: allows extension and retraction  Saddle: Allows movement back in forth but no rotation  Ball and Socket: Circular movement in any direction  Ellipsoid: Like ball and socket but limited  Pivot: Rotation around an axis  Gliding (plane): Bones slide past each other  More info herehere

8. How it works 3… Hinge Ball and Socket SaddleGliding Some examples of joints in the skeletal system…

9. How it works 4…  Ligaments are fibrous tissue that connects bones other bones, a fold of peritoneum, or the remnants of tubular from the fetal period of life  Ligaments are dense connective tissue composed of fibers  Ligaments connect bones to bones to form a joint

10. How it works 5…  Tendons (sinew) are fibrous connective tissue that connect muscle to tendon  They can withstand tension  Tendons are made of bundles of collagen fibers that are closely packed together

11. How it works 6… Ligaments- Tendons-

12. What can happen if something goes wrong…  Osteoporosis (disease)  Osteoporosis is a disease that weakens and thins the bones that they become brittle and fragile leading them to break easily  Risk factors- Old age, being a female, family history, being Caucasian or Asian… (etc)  Treatment- There is no treatment for osteoporosis but you can help prevent it by eating a lot of calcium and vitamin D, exercising, and in some cases medication  More information herehere

13. Osteoporosis…

14. How to promote proper functioning…  To promote proper functioning of the skeletal system and strong bones you can-  Eat a diet rich in vitamin D and calcium  Regular exercise  Limiting alcohol  Etc  For more information check this place out!this

15. Bibliography…  Information-  Prentice Hall Biology book (our textbook)  http://www.shockfamily.net/skeleton/JOINTS.HTML http://www.shockfamily.net/skeleton/JOINTS.HTML  http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/osteoporosis.html http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/osteoporosis.html  http://nihseniorhealth.gov/osteoporosis/whatisosteoporosis/01.html http://nihseniorhealth.gov/osteoporosis/whatisosteoporosis/01.html  http://www.health.state.ny.us/diseases/conditions/osteoporosis/promote.htm http://www.health.state.ny.us/diseases/conditions/osteoporosis/promote.htm  http://www.kidshealth.org/kid/htbw/bones.html http://www.kidshealth.org/kid/htbw/bones.html  Pictures-  http://www.shockfamily.net/skeleton/JOINTS.HTML http://www.shockfamily.net/skeleton/JOINTS.HTML  http://content.answers.com/main/content/img/oxford/Oxford_Body/019852403x.skeleton.1.jpg http://content.answers.com/main/content/img/oxford/Oxford_Body/019852403x.skeleton.1.jpg  http://www.web-books.com/eLibrary/Medicine/Physiology/Skeletal/long_bone.jpg http://www.web-books.com/eLibrary/Medicine/Physiology/Skeletal/long_bone.jpg  http://www.anatomiemodellen.nl/images/modellen/A135.jpg http://www.anatomiemodellen.nl/images/modellen/A135.jpg  http://www.chop.edu/images/medical_condition/skeleton.gif http://www.chop.edu/images/medical_condition/skeleton.gif  http://osteoporosis.upmc.com/Images/Sub/PhotoOsteoporosis.jpg http://osteoporosis.upmc.com/Images/Sub/PhotoOsteoporosis.jpg  http://www.mjain.net/images/F1.jpg http://www.mjain.net/images/F1.jpg  http://www.daviddarling.info/images/human_skeleton.jpg http://www.daviddarling.info/images/human_skeleton.jpg  http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en-commons/thumb/4/46/270px- Human_skeleton_front.svg.png http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en-commons/thumb/4/46/270px- Human_skeleton_front.svg.png  http://content.revolutionhealth.com/contentimages/images-image_popup-w7_osteoporosis.jpg http://content.revolutionhealth.com/contentimages/images-image_popup-w7_osteoporosis.jpg  http://www.spineuniverse.com/displaygraphic.php/138/dp_ligaments-BB.gif http://www.spineuniverse.com/displaygraphic.php/138/dp_ligaments-BB.gif  http://www.ehrs.upenn.edu/programs/occupat/ergo/images/tendons.jpg http://www.ehrs.upenn.edu/programs/occupat/ergo/images/tendons.jpg