1. NEW CHAPTER Electricity CHAPTER the BIG idea Moving electric charges transfer energy. Materials can become electrically charged. Charges can move from one place to another. Electric current is a flow of charge. CHAPTER OUTLINE 5.1 5.2 5.3 CHAPTER RESOURCES

2. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME electric field static charge induction electric charge Materials can become electrically charged. SECTION OUTLINE SECTION OUTLINE Electric charge is a property of matter. Electrons have a negative charge. 5.1 CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

3. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME electric field static charge induction electric charge Materials can become electrically charged. SECTION OUTLINE SECTION OUTLINE Electric charge is a property of matter. Protons have a positive charge. 5.1 CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

4. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME electric field static charge induction electric charge Materials can become electrically charged. SECTION OUTLINE SECTION OUTLINE Electric charge is a property of matter. Unlike charges attract. 5.1 CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

5. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME electric field static charge induction electric charge Materials can become electrically charged. SECTION OUTLINE SECTION OUTLINE Electric charge is a property of matter. Like charges repel. 5.1 CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

6. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME Materials can become electrically charged. SECTION OUTLINE SECTION OUTLINE electric field static charge induction electric charge Static charges are caused by the movement of electrons, resulting in an imbalance of positive and negative charges. At first, a balloon and a glass rod each have balanced, neutral charges. 5.1 CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

7. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME When they touch, electrons move from the rod to the balloon. Materials can become electrically charged. SECTION OUTLINE SECTION OUTLINE electric field static charge induction electric charge Static charges are caused by the movement of electrons, resulting in an imbalance of positive and negative charges. 5.1 CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

8. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME Materials can become electrically charged. SECTION OUTLINE SECTION OUTLINE electric field static charge induction electric charge Static charges are caused by the movement of electrons, resulting in an imbalance of positive and negative charges. Afterwards, the balloon has a negative charge, and the rod has a positive charge. 5.1 CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

9. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME Materials can become electrically charged. SECTION OUTLINE SECTION OUTLINE electric field static charge induction electric charge Static charges are caused by the movement of electrons, resulting in an imbalance of positive and negative charges. 5.1 SIMULATION Learn more about static electricity. CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

10. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME A property that allows one object to exert a force on another object without touching it. Electric charge can be positive or negative: positive charge is a property of the proton, while negative charge is a property of the electron. electric charge Materials can become electrically charged. KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY electric field static charge induction electric charge 5.1 CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

11. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME An area surrounding a charged object, within which the object can exert a force on another object without touching it. electric field Materials can become electrically charged. KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY electric field static charge induction electric charge 5.1 CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

12. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME The buildup of electric charge in an object caused by the uneven distribution of charged particles. static charge Materials can become electrically charged. KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY electric field static charge induction electric charge 5.1 CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

13. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME The build-up of a static charge in an object when the object is close to, but not touching, a charged object. induction Materials can become electrically charged. KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY electric field static charge induction electric charge 5.1 CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

14. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME Charges can move from one place to another. SECTION OUTLINE SECTION OUTLINE volt conductor electric potential insulator resistance ohm grounding 1. Lightning strikes the lightning rod, because the rod is the path of least resistance. 2. The rod conducts the charge to a conductor cable, which has low resistance. 3. The ground wire conducts the charge into the ground, where it spreads out and becomes harmless. Charge movement is affected by electric potential, measured in volts resistance, measured in ohms A ground is the path of least resistance. A conductor has low resistance. An insulator has high resistance. 5.2 CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

15. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME The amount of potential energy per unit charge that a static charge or electric current has. Electric potential is measured in volts, and is often called voltage. electric potential KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY Charges can move from one place to another. volt conductor electric potential insulator resistance ohm grounding 5.2 CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

16. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME V The unit of measurement for electric potential, which is equal to one joule per coulomb. The number of volts of an electric charge equals the charge’s voltage. volt KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY Charges can move from one place to another. volt conductor electric potential insulator resistance ohm grounding 5.2 CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

17. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME 1. A material that transfers electric charge easily. conductor KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY Charges can move from one place to another. volt conductor electric potential insulator resistance ohm grounding 2. A material that transfers heat easily. 5.2 CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

18. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME 1. A material that does not transfer electric charge easily. insulator KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY Charges can move from one place to another. volt conductor electric potential insulator resistance ohm grounding 2. A material that does not transfer heat easily. 5.2 CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

19. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME R The property of a material that determines how easily a charge can move through it. Resistance is measured in ohms. resistance KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY Charges can move from one place to another. volt conductor electric potential insulator resistance ohm grounding 5.2 CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

20. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME The unit of measurement for electrical resistance. ohm KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY Charges can move from one place to another. volt conductor electric potential insulator resistance ohm grounding 5.2 CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

21. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME The creation of a harmless, low-resistance path—a ground—for electricity to follow. Grounding is an important electrical safety procedure. grounding KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY Charges can move from one place to another. volt conductor electric potential insulator resistance ohm grounding 5.2 CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

22. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME Electric current is a flow of charge. SECTION OUTLINE SECTION OUTLINE Electric current is measured in amperes, or amps. Electrochemical cells produce electric current through chemical reactions. I = V R Ohm's law states that current equals voltage divided by resistance. Current= Resistance Voltage electric current ampere Ohm’s law electric cell 5.3 CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

23. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME Electric current is a flow of charge. SECTION OUTLINE SECTION OUTLINE Electric current is measured in amperes, or amps. Electrochemical cells produce electric current through chemical reactions. I = V R Ohm's law states that current equals voltage divided by resistance. Current= Resistance Voltage electric current ampere Ohm’s law electric cell 5.3 CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES SIMULATION See Ohm’s law in action.

24. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME I A continuous flow of electric charge, which is measured in amperes. electric current KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY Electric current is a flow of charge. electric current ampere Ohm’s law electric cell 5.3 CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

25. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME The unit of measurement of electric current, which is equal to one coulomb per second. The number of amps flowing through a circuit equals the circuit’s amperage. ampere KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY Electric current is a flow of charge. electric current ampere Ohm’s law electric cell 5.3 CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

26. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME The mathematical relationship among current, voltage, and resistance, expressed in the formula I = V/R (current = voltage/resistance). Ohm’s law KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY Electric current is a flow of charge. electric current ampere Ohm’s law electric cell 5.3 CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

27. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME A device that produces electric current using the chemical or physical properties of different materials. A battery consists of two or more cells linked together. electric cell KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY Electric current is a flow of charge. electric current ampere Ohm’s law electric cell 5.3 CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

28. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME I. Materials can become electrically charged. A. Electric charge is a property of matter. B. Static charges are caused by the movement of electrons. C. Technology uses static electricity. 1. Charging by Contact 2. How Materials Affect Static Charging 3. Charging by Induction 4. Charge Polarization Materials can become electrically charged. KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY electric field static charge induction electric charge 5.1 CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

29. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME II. Charges can move from one place to another. A. Static charges have potential energy. B. Materials affect charge movement. Charges can move from one place to another. KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY volt conductor electric potential insulator resistance ohm grounding 1. Electric Potential Energy 2. Electric Potential 3. Charge Movement 4. Lightning 1. Conductors and Insulators 2. Resistance 3. Superconductors 4. Grounding 5.2 CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

30. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME III. Electric current is a flow of charge. A. Electric charge can flow continuously. 1. Current, Voltage, and Resistance 2. Ohm’s Law 3. Measuring Electricity B. Electric cells supply electric current. 1. Electrochemical Cells 2. Solar Cells Electric current is a flow of charge. KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY electric current ampere Ohm’s law electric cell 5.3 CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

31. CHAPTER HOME Image Gallery Click on the icons to see a larger image or animation. SIMULATION Learn more about static electricity. SIMULATION See Ohm’s law in action.

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