1. Stalemate, Trenches and Weapons Paulson U.S. History Mon. Jan. 23, 2012

2.  1. List 3 Allied countries in WWI.  2. List 3 Central Powers in WWI.  3. What was the main goal of the “catch-em-while-they’re- Schlieffen-plan?”  3A. Describe what Germany did  3B. Were they successful?

3.  Spark # 5  Business items  Turn in signatures if you didn’t Friday  Maps?  Post?  Set the scene – then Trenches and Weapons  Trenches diagram / Student research notes - squares  Homework – square notes student research? And/or trench diagram

4. Big Idea  Key objective – As we talk about weapons and strategy, think about what it would have been like to be a regular soldier in this war  PUT YOURSELF IN THEIR SHOES!!!!

5. It begins  Nationalism – entire generation of young men enlist – flock to the colors – for love of country – for adventure  Bands playing, people singing, waving hats at the train station  Both sides thought “over by Christmas”

6. Deadlock  Schlieffen Plan stopped  Race to the Sea  Dig in, trenches

8. Big idea  Technology of industrial revolution (cars, planes, blimps, armor, steel, chemicals) is going to be directed towards destruction / total war  Figuring out how to break the STALEMATE / TRENCH system

9. Trenches

11.  German trenches at the battle of the Somme.  They had barber shops and Officer clubs

12. “Over the Top,” into “No man’s land…”

13. Technology used to “beat the trenches”  GIANT SHIFT---from traditional warfare to mechanized warfare  First example of “modern warfare”  Trying to break the stalemate  Generals fought with “old tactics”  Casualties were extraordinary  http://www.firstworldwar.com/features/casualties.htm http://www.firstworldwar.com/features/casualties.htm

15. Rapid Fire Heavy Artillery  Howitzers  Big Bertha- aka “Paris Gun” range= 70 miles in 170 seconds  Short muzzle mortars  Constant shelling destroyed Soldiers psyche

17. Tanks  WWI began with cavalry attacks on horseback and ended with Tanks, Planes, and Poison gas  William Triton – British Mark I 1916  Extremely clumsy -3 men to steer, 4 mph  Developed from farm equipment  Used to roll over trenches  “water carriers”  “little willie”---”big willie”---”Mark I”

19. Blimps  Aka “Zeppelin”  Developed by Germans  Used for bombing and reconnaissance  Carried machine guns and bombs  Replaced by planes and were too easy to shoot down!!

21. Planes  Replaced blimps  Reconnaissance and photographs, later bombing  Dogfights towards end of WWI  Guns fired through prop (steel plated props, then timing)  Aces: “Red Baron” Manfreid von Richthofen 80 confirmed kills

23. Submarines –U-boats  Cornelis Drebbel made the very first submarine in 1620. It was made of wood and leather.  The submarines used during WWI were 53.8 feet long.  They had a top speed of 6 knots  They only had torpedoes on board.  Germany’s most effective offensive weapon against Allies

25. Flamethrower  Flammenwerfer in German - in the early 1900s  First flamethrowers date to 500 b.c.  Terrified French and Brits when Germans used them early in war  Eventually used by all sides  Longest range = 90 yards  Very dangerous to user!!!

27. Poison Gas  Fear-psychological warfare  Took long time to die  Multiple types of gas: chlorine, mustard, phosgene  Meant to destroy will, incite mutiny  First masks…gross  Relatively few deaths…kind of…

29. Total War  All this technology meant to get movement in lines. Trenches barely moved in 4 years  Mechanized warfare destroyed psyche of many, many soldiers  Poisoned wells, killed livestock, bruned towns to the ground, destroyed fields  Tunnels underneath trenches

30. Overall Impact  Technology that would accelerate progress in 20 th century also made war “more” deadly!  “shell shock” –Post Traumatic Stress Disorder  Constant shelling, flamethrowers, mud, rain, tanks, machine guns, high probability of death  ~300 British soldiers executed for disobeying orders