1. World War I: Battles & Technology
EQ: How was WWI fought?

2. (Triple Alliance)Central Powers
COMBATANTS OF WWI
(Triple Alliance)Central Powers
(Triple Entente)Allied Powers
World War I
Germany
Austria-Hungary
Ottoman Empire
Bulgaria
Russia
France
Great Britain
Italy
Japan
United States (1917)

3. Why was WWI a Stalemate? What’s a stalemate?
Neither side can make a move to win
Both sides of the war threw arms and troops in to win but…………
Millions die without gaining ground.
WHY?

4. Precursor to Battle of Verdun
After two years of warfare, Germans realize they can’t break through the Allied lines in France.
German General Falkenhayn proposes a war of attrition against the French Army.
A war of attrition is about killing more people than you lose. Example: Can’t take the hill? Then kill as many as you can and one day you will.
Attack a position the French can’t afford to lose
Kill as many French troops as possible

5. The Battle of Verdun February 21, 1916 – December 18, 1916
One of the most costly battles of WWI.
Germans attempt to conquer key French city of Verdun.
Would have opened Paris up to invasion.

6. New Tactics Germans attack with flame throwers for the first time.
Flame throwers used to clear French out of trenches
German troops begin attack with grenades instead of rifles
Manage to move forward three miles in a day.
New types of poison gas introduced by Germans.

7. Results French Casualties German Casualties
dead
German Casualties
dead
British begin battle of the Somme to relieve French army at Verdun.
Neither French or German army gains an advantage.

8. Significance French hold Verdun thanks to forts
Convinced that a system of fixed heavy forts is the best defense (will not work for the French in WWII… ask me why)
WWI becomes a war of attrition. Armies fight lengthy battles, with very high casualties.

9. Trench Warfare Trenches were dug from English Channel to Switzerland
Trench Warfare – type of fighting during World War I in which both sides dug trenches protected by mines and barbed wire
Trenches were dug from English Channel to Switzerland
6,250 miles
6 to 8 feet deep
Immobilized both sides for 4 years

10. THE TRENCH SYSTEM 1st: No Man’s Land 2nd: Barbed wire, mines, etc.
Layout:
1st: No Man’s Land
2nd: Barbed wire, mines, etc.
3rd: Front line
4th: Communication trench
5th: Support trenches

13. LIFE IN THE TRENCHES Elaborate systems of defense Boredom
barbed wire
Concrete machine gun nests
Mortar batteries
Troops lived in holes underground
Boredom
Soldiers read to pass the time
Sarah Bernhardt came out to the front to read poetry to the soldiers

14. “Death is Everywhere”
“We all had on us the stench of dead bodies.” Death numbed the soldier’s minds.
Shell shock (mental anguish)
Psychological devastation
“Never such innocence again”
Bitterness towards aristocratic officers whose lives were never in danger

15. WWI WEAPONRY
The countries fighting grew more and more desperate to break the stalemate. The war of attrition led to more terrifying ways to kill humans

16. What new weapons were used in WWI?
Machine gun
Poison gas (Mustard gas)
Carried by the wind
Burned out soldier’s lungs
Deadly in the trenches where it would sit at the bottom
Submarine
Airplane
Tank
Hand grenades
Flame Throwers
Why these weapons? Why now?
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION!!!

17. New Technologies of WWI
Tanks
Initially used for breaking through barbed wire between trenches.
Armed with small guns, and machine guns

18. Artillery Germans produce massive guns for shelling French lines.
Some fire shells as large as 1000 pounds,
The “Paris Gun” is able to fire shells over 75 miles.

19. Poisonous Gas Poisonous gasses like mustard gas used by both sides.
Fired by artillery into opposing lines.
Hundreds of thousands die due to exposure.

20. German submarines, called U-boats, torpedoed enemy ships and neutral ships trading with the enemy.

21. Air Combat Airplanes initially used only for observation.
Enemy airplanes armed with machine guns to shoot down observation planes.
Eventually planes used to drop bombs on enemy positions.