1. When you paste in older title slides, your subtitle may appear with a bullet point. Click the Fix footers and title slides button in the Layout-Footer Fixer on the Home tab to repair this formatting. On Mac PowerPoint 2011, these tools are located on a custom floating toolbar as well as on the Standard toolbar. To reapply formatting and placeholder position for any slide layout, click the RESET button on the Home tab (next to the New Slide gallery). RESET is at the bottom of the Change Layout button in Mac PowerPoint 2011. RFoG. Beginnings, today, and what the future holds. SCTE Piedmont Chapter, July 2015 Douglas Pieri, Staff Solutions Engineer

2. Copyright 2015 – ARRIS Enterprises, Inc. All rights reserved. RFoG History RFoG is the result of SCTE’s Interface Practices Subcommittee Working Group 5 That defined the specifications and operation of the subscriber ONU device. “Defines a fiber-to-the-home system optimized for compatibility with HFC plant, using the same end equipment at both the home and the HE or Hub.”

3. Copyright 2015 – ARRIS Enterprises, Inc. All rights reserved. Traditional HFC compared to RFoG 3 Coax Segment 1 GHz HFC System at 256 HHP Per Physical Node ~64 HHP Per Segment 54 MHz -1 GHz 5 MHz - 42 MHz Uses Existing Coax Wiring & CPE “just like today” DOCSIS Set-Top DOCSIS CM/EMTA 54 MHz -1 GHz 5 MHz - 42 MHz Splitter // 1550 nm 1610 nm 1 – 32 HHP Still HFC, but… Fiber Extends All the Way to the Home 1 GHz RFoG System at 32 HHP Per Optical Segment WDM Mux 1610 nm 1550 nm

4. Copyright 2015 – ARRIS Enterprises, Inc. All rights reserved. Traditional PON compared to RFoG 4 54 MHz -1 GHz 5 MHz - 42 MHz Splitter // 1550 nm 1610 nm 1 – 32 HHP 1 GHz RFoG System at 32 HHP Per Optical Segment WDM Mux 1610 nm 1550 nm +20dBm +18.5dBm 20km -17.0 -3.5dBm

5. Copyright 2015 – ARRIS Enterprises, Inc. All rights reserved. RFoG with Repeater Architecture 54 MHz -1 GHz 5 MHz - 42 MHz WDM Mux Splitter // 1550 nm 1610 nm 1 – 32 HHP WDM Mux WDMWDM WDMWDM Splitter // 1550 nm 1610 nm 1 – 32 HHP WDM Mux Splitter // 1550 nm 1610 nm 1 – 32 HHP WDM Mux Splitter // 1550 nm 1610 nm 1 – 32 HHP WDM Mux RFoG Repeater 256HP Typical 5 Closely Resembles Traditional Node

6. Copyright 2015 – ARRIS Enterprises, Inc. All rights reserved. RFoG Architectures ARRIS Confidential & Proprietary6

7. Copyright 2015 – ARRIS Enterprises, Inc. All rights reserved. Architectures Several Architectures have been developed.

8. Copyright 2015 – ARRIS Enterprises, Inc. All rights reserved. Architectures

9. Copyright 2015 – ARRIS Enterprises, Inc. All rights reserved. Architectures Pros Matches traditional PON architectures. Concurrent operation with PON technologies. Cons Expensive in very low densities. Wastes optical power in low density. Strands optical power in low penetrations.

10. Copyright 2015 – ARRIS Enterprises, Inc. All rights reserved. Architectures Pros Maintains split ratio of 1x32. Concurrent operation with PON technologies. Leverages lower penetrations better. Cons Expensive in very low densities. Wastes, expensive optical power in low density. Strands optical power in low penetrations. Can cause long term cross connect confusion.

11. Copyright 2015 – ARRIS Enterprises, Inc. All rights reserved. Architectures Pros Maintains split ratio of 1x32. Concurrent operation with PON technologies. Leverages lower penetrations best Cons Creates high fiber counts in the network. Requires field cabinets, vs Splice enclosures.

12. Copyright 2015 – ARRIS Enterprises, Inc. All rights reserved. Architectures Pros Utilizes Optical power more effectively. Upstream can be more balanced in low densities. Resembles traditional HFC. Creates very low fiber counts Cons Does not maintain 1x32 split ratio. Multiple failure points. Difficult to troubleshoot network issues.

13. Copyright 2015 – ARRIS Enterprises, Inc. All rights reserved. RFoG Architecture Benefits

14. Copyright 2015 – ARRIS Enterprises, Inc. All rights reserved. OBI Mitigation Comparison ARRIS Confidential & Proprietary14

15. Copyright 2015 – ARRIS Enterprises, Inc. All rights reserved. Optical Beat Interference Optical Beat Interference (OBI) can occur when two or more RFoG ONUs (Optical Network Units) transmit simultaneously to the same receiver, and contain wavelengths which are sufficiently close to each other OBI is a result of the heterodyning of the two (or more) closely spaced wavelengths present on the same detector. Heterodyning results in the down- mixing of the optical frequencies of the two or more lasers into the RF domain, appearing as wideband noise. The resultant noise has the ability to impact the signal integrity of upstream communication channels, most notably on the receiver where the OBI has occurred, but can also affect the upstream DOCSIS service group via the introduction of noise into the RF combining network presented to the CMTS blade Clean OBI 15

16. Copyright 2015 – ARRIS Enterprises, Inc. All rights reserved. Manage upstream Wavelength from ONU – Requires spacing > 0.5nm with precision control, tunable lasers, or multiple SKU’s – Must maintain database of assignments per user Manage upstream bursts in time domain (Scheduler) – CMTS limits to one-ONU-at-a-time, prevents overlap – Limits efficient utilization of channel capacity – Efficiency constraints become increasingly serious for high capacity upstream configurations (more channels, more bandwidth, more utilization) – a serious concern! Existing techniques have limitations that may become severe in the future! Ways to Control OBI 16

17. Copyright 2015 – ARRIS Enterprises, Inc. All rights reserved. Wavelength Management Start-up Drift management approach requires spacing >0.5nm to assure zero OBI 17

18. Copyright 2015 – ARRIS Enterprises, Inc. All rights reserved. Normal CMTS 3.0 Bonded Upstream Operation CMTS CM #1 (3.0) Upstream Fiber CM #2 (2.0)CM #3 (3.0) Ch 1 Ch 2 MAPs Ch 3 Ch 4 ONU 1 ONU 2 ONU 3 1 2 3 18

19. Copyright 2015 – ARRIS Enterprises, Inc. All rights reserved. Burst Management CMTS Scheduler (Packet Alignment in CMTS MAPPER) CMTS CM #1 (3.0) Upstream Fiber CM #2 (2.0)CM #3 (3.0) Ch 1 Ch 2 MAPs Ch 3 ONU 1 ONU 2 ONU 3 1 2 3 CMTS Scheduler with Single ONU TX at a time Can Suffer From Inefficient Utilization Of The Channel BW Becomes worse with increased Upstream Capacity, especially D3.1 Ch 4 19

20. Copyright 2015 – ARRIS Enterprises, Inc. All rights reserved. Burst Management DOCSIS 3.0 Channel Efficiencies Note: ~500B average packet size with 70% small, 30% large packets; all 3.0 modems 20 OEO

21. Copyright 2015 – ARRIS Enterprises, Inc. All rights reserved. Active – OBI Elimination OBI completely eliminated with standard ONUs & no special scheduler! Full downstream & upstream throughput for DOCSIS 3.0 and 3.1 OBI completely eliminated with standard ONUs & no special scheduler! Full downstream & upstream throughput for DOCSIS 3.0 and 3.1 Fiber HFC Headend RFoG Long Reach … Hub or Field Location Replaces passive splitter Long Reach Requires Power ~8 Watts per 32 ports PON Splitter … … … HFC Segment Repeater supports PON  s Single Family MDU 21 21 April 2015

22. Copyright 2015 – ARRIS Enterprises, Inc. All rights reserved. Active – OBI Elimination 22

23. Copyright 2015 – ARRIS Enterprises, Inc. All rights reserved. EPON Inefficiency ARRIS Confidential & Proprietary23

24. Copyright 2015 – ARRIS Enterprises, Inc. All rights reserved. EPON Scheduler Burst US Structure 24

25. Copyright 2015 – ARRIS Enterprises, Inc. All rights reserved. Industry Literature shows EPON Upstream impacted by # of ONU/LLID and Grant Cycle Time – See several papers by Glen Kramer, Broadcom/Teknovus and Marek Hajduczenia, BrightHouse (formerly with ZTE) 10G EPON Upstream Analysis ONUxLLID 1 ms2 ms4 ms8 ms 32 85.00%86.05%86.57%86.84% 64 82.91%85.00%86.05%86.57% 128 78.72%82.91%85.00%86.05% ONUxLLID 1 ms2 ms4 ms8 ms 32 8.47 Gbps8.59 Gbps8.65 Gbps8.68 Gbps 128 7.78 Gbps8.24 Gbps8.48 Gbps8.59 Gbps 25

26. Copyright 2015 – ARRIS Enterprises, Inc. All rights reserved. EPON Upstream Cycle Time and ONU/LLID Impacts 128 ONU, 4 Active LLID, 1msec Cycle – Only 50% Efficiency 26 64 ONU, 4 Active LLID, 1msec Cycle – Only 50% Efficient – Similar to D3.1, 85MHz return

27. Copyright 2015 – ARRIS Enterprises, Inc. All rights reserved. DOCSIS and Other Access Technologies Network PHY Rate Capacities PHY Layer Rates after encoding and FEC (if used) however the copper solutions are estimate capacity Typical 10G Downstream Typical HFC Today (Mostly consumed by Video) …will be consumed by THIS? So how much of THIS…

28. Copyright 2015 – ARRIS Enterprises, Inc. All rights reserved. Today the Coax requires DS and US to occupy different portions of the Spectrum RFoG: High Capacity on One Fiber A single fiber infrastructure supporting RF/DOCSIS, 10G EPON, and 10G Ethernet. Aggregate Capacity in GB/s (DS/US) TechnologyNear TermFuture EPON10/1040/40 (really 4x 10/10) RF/DOCSIS5.6/0.312.5/1.8 (D3.1) Ethernet10/10 (ENS)20/20 (or more) Total25.6/20.372.5/61.8 And beyond that… Future CPEs will allow RF Spectrum “re-use” by removing Coax from the equation

29. Copyright 2015 – ARRIS Enterprises, Inc. All rights reserved. Today the Coax requires DS and US to occupy different portions of the Spectrum RFoG: High Capacity on One Fiber A single fiber infrastructure supporting RF/DOCSIS, 10G EPON, and 10G Ethernet. Aggregate Capacity in GB/s (DS/US) TechnologyNear TermFuture EPON10/1040/10 (really 4x 10/10) RF/DOCSIS5.6/1.040/10 (D3.x) Ethernet10/10 (ENS)20/20 (or more) Total25.6/21.0100/50 And beyond that… Future CPEs will allow RF Spectrum “re-use” by removing Coax from the equation Closer ‘Future’ than PON

30. Copyright 2015 – ARRIS Enterprises, Inc. All rights reserved. What the Future Holds ARRIS Confidential & Proprietary30

31. Copyright 2015 – ARRIS Enterprises, Inc. All rights reserved. What will MSO's do with their HFC plants? 64 DOCSIS 3.0 Chans. 2000 Subs/SG (Many Nodes) 8000 Subs/SG (Many Nodes) 512 Subs/SG 1000 Subs/SG 16000 Subs/SG (Many Nodes) 4000 Subs/SG (Many Nodes) Agg BW/SG 116 DOCSIS 3.0 Chans. 32 DOCSIS 3.0 Chans. 256 Subs/SG (512 HHP Nodes) 512 Subs/SG (2x 512 HHP Nodes) 1.2 GHz of DOCSIS 3.1 Chans. 128… 64… 32 DS BW as a function of time (w/ ~50% Annual Growth Rate) DS BW for Modems (bps) 1982 1986 1990 1994 1998 1 10 100 1k 2002 2006 10k 100k 1M 10M 100M 1G 20102014 10G 100G 2018 2022 D3.0 DS Limit = 4.9 Gbps (750 MHz) 2026 2030 D3.1 DS Limit = 10.8 Gbps (1200 MHz) 1 DOCSIS 3.0 Chan. 4 DOCSIS 3.0 Chans. 16 DOCSIS 3.0 Chans. ~100 kbps in 2010 Nielsen’s Law’s Tmax Agg BW/SG 300 bps in 1982 ~500 bps in 1997 ~332 Mbps in 2030 8 DOCSIS 3.0 Chans. ~150 kbps in 1997 Avg BW/sub Agg BW/SG Max BW/sub 2 DOCSIS 3.0 Chans. Proposed Human Factors Formula: Required SG Capacity = K *Adv_Billboard_BW + # subs * Avg BW/sub 16 Subs/SG (32 HHP Nodes) Year ~100 Gbps in 2030 Node-split to 256 subs/SG (De-Comb) Node-split to 128 subs/SG Node-split to 64 subs/SG ~30 Mbps in 2010 Node-split to 256 subs/SGNode-split to 128 subs/SG Node-split to 64 subs/SG ARRIS Confidential and Restricted For AT Academy 201531 10 March 2015

32. Copyright 2015 – ARRIS Enterprises, Inc. All rights reserved. Looking Beyond the Top Billboard Tier: Example Residential Service Tiers Based on study with multiple MSOs Strategy: – As each Tier hits 10G ceiling, peel off subs to NG-FTTP as needed ARRIS Confidential and Restricted For AT Academy 2015 % of Subs Tmax (Mbps) Tmax CAGRTavg (Mbps)Tavg CAGR Top Tier – Billboard rate 1%30050%0.4841% Performance Tier14%7532%0.4841% Common Tier65%2526% 5%@1.92 60%@0.48 41% Economy Tier20%515%0.1220% 32 10 March 2015

33. Copyright 2015 – ARRIS Enterprises, Inc. All rights reserved. How Long will D3.1 & 10 Gbps Last? Example – 128 Subs per SG Key Events: – 2024 – Top Tier moves to NG-FTTP – 2029 – Performance Tier moves to NG-FTTP – 2031-34 – Common Tier starts migrating Tmax dominates through 2023 Tavg dominates after 2028 ARRIS Confidential and Restricted For AT Academy 201533 10 March 2015 DOCSIS 3.0 DOCSIS 3.1 Tmax DominatesTavg Dominates

34. Copyright 2015 – ARRIS Enterprises, Inc. All rights reserved. How Long will D3.1 & 10 Gbps Last? Example – 32/64/128/256 Subs per SG ARRIS Confidential and Restricted For AT Academy 201534 10 March 2015 Tmax DominatesTavg Dominates Tmax DominatesTavg

35. Copyright 2015 – ARRIS Enterprises, Inc. All rights reserved. Residential Traffic Engineering Considerations Tmax dominates in Near Term – Focus on increasing spectrum (e.g. 1.2GHz) rather than SG splits However, Fiber Deep is also a tool to reach 1.2GHz – Maximize DOCSIS 3.1 capacity Tavg dominates in Long Term – Moving Top Service Tiers to FTTP buys much time for majority of HFC subs – Gradual migration to Fiber Deep as part of Business As Usual to prepare for this era ARRIS Confidential and Restricted For AT Academy 201535 10 March 2015

36. Copyright 2015 – ARRIS Enterprises, Inc. All rights reserved. FTTP Transformation: EPON or RFoG? FTTP Transition for Top Service Tiers to Extend HFC Life

37. Copyright 2015 – ARRIS Enterprises, Inc. All rights reserved. FTTP Transformation: EPON or RFoG? FTTP Transition for Top Service Tiers to Extend HFC Life Answer: BOTH!! Use will have industry leading 10G EPON solutions – PFM (PON Fiber Module) for E6000: Industry Leading OLT density 10G/10G and 10G/1G co-existence Built in Carrier Grade Redundancy for Optics Supports 256 ONU, 2K LLID per port Leverage installed E6000 customer base – Fiber Link Module (FLM) for PON Distribution: Support Long Distances AND Large Fan-out – Support 256 ONU OEO enables BOTH RFoG AND PON – Simultaneous support for both RFoG and PON Leverage the best of D3.1 and EPON/GPON Provide Best of Breed technology for each application 10 March 2015 37ARRIS Confidential and Restricted For AT Academy 2015

38. Thank You!