1. Decision Point 2 - HADR assistance is requested from sources/ organisations/ nations external to the Host Nation References: ARF HA/DR SOPs (Draft) ARF DEDR Exercise Instruction

2. 1.Do SN, NGO and IO provide the HN offers of support or do they wait for HN requests? What is the protocol within the ARF? –There is no correct answer insomuch it will depend upon the situation. It is clear that resources should not be deployed until an official request. –Key factors that will determine the best way to approach this will be: The scale of the disaster and the effect on the Host Nations capacity to articulate their needs based upon assessments Any cultural sensitivities with respect to how nations engage with each other The presence of extant agreements or arrangements, either bilateral or multi lateral which assist in the facilitation of support –WAIT needs assessment provided by HN (Comprehensive situational Awareness/understanding) –Needs driven through capability Gap Analysis –Consideration of Standing / standby arrangements

3. 2.How does the HN coordinate the requests/offers for support? Will the HN be able to identify the capability gaps in both its own capability and in those being offered? The key is that the Host Nation should be the primary coordinating authority for processing request/offers for support and should be through a single coordination point such as a Crisis Coordination Centre (CCC) The Supporting Nations, UN, NGOs and IOs need to be aware of not overloading the CCC with information and where possible assist in the coordination of support by providing details of what, when, where and how the support can be provided. The CCC need to have an accurate overview of all support offers and activities, regardless of origin to help develop an overall picture of the situation, the potential support to the offered and prioritise the relief efforts. Coordination of such a scale will require careful management by the Host Nation and often there will be a requirement of a network of coordination centres to facilitate the relief effort. Notwithstanding, the Host Nation must retain primacy. The need for coordination will assist in reducing the potential for supporting nations/organisations in overwhelming the Host Nations infrastructure with DR stores and equipment. It also assists in ensuring that the needs are managed against the delivery of support. The quality of information, both in terms of assessment and offers will be critical to the planning and execution of the relief effort. The information must be in a usable form? Does this need templating? If so what should be used?

4. 3.What international standards should be applied to ensure that the appropriate type, standard and quality of HA/DR support is being used to address the crisis? –Invariably for HA/DR stores the standards should reflect those provided by the UN and its agencies. –SPHERE –SN consider cultural /religious sensitivities –OSLO Guidelines –IDRLs (IFRC Capstone Document) –Code of conduct for workers INSARAG –SOFA – Generic (Annex 1 to OSLO Guidelines) »To be included in the next draft –Quarantine and Immigration standards need to be those of the Host Nation and should be clearly articulated to all potential supporting organisations/ nations. The principle of whatever the highest standard when there is potential conflict should be upheld throughout.

5. 4.What are the practical issues with the coordinated delivery of SN, UN, NGO, IO support to the HN? How does the HN coordinate and prioritise the delivery of HA into the Crisis Area? –Must have a common picture of the rapid needs assessment –HN CCC must establish a clear set of priorities for supporting coordinating centres established by the UN, IFRC etc. –Must have a good knowledge of what Lines of Communication are working within the affected areas. (regional and district hubs) –The principles of synchronisation and prioritisation of logistic flow should be fundamental to any relief planning and activities. –Host Nation must consider how it will allow SN to move within its nations boundaries and how it will organise or employ third party support.

6. 5.What are the practical issues with the coordinated delivery of SN, UN, NGO, IO support to the HN? How can the SN, UN, NGO and IO assist HN coordinate and prioritise the delivery of HA into the Crisis Area? –Supporting Nation Supporting organisations must have a good knowledge of what Lines of Communication are working within the affected areas. This should be enabled by access to information provided by a Common Operating Picture and the CCC. Supporting organisations must have access to the CCC and supporting coordinating centres established by the UN, IFRC etc to assist in coordination of relief efforts and distribution of supplies to the right areas at critical times. Supporting organisations may consider the external coordination of HA/DR deliveries so that supplies are trickled into the Host Nation as a measure to reduce the stress placed upon the Host Nations infrastructure and capacity.

7. 6.How should HN facilitate the SN military support? What mechanism is to be used for access of SN military and civil capability assets provided by the HN? Do ARF members need SOPs for coordination, access (both internationally and then domestically) and the establishment of common communications for the conduct of HA/DR activities? –HN needs to determine what method it will employ to allocate tasks and responsibilities to SN militaries. Could be either by sector or by capability brick provided. –This support should be considered as part of a Whole of Government support initiative provided by the SN. –The agreements will generally based upon bilateral arrangements but should consider the principles of multilateral guidelines such as these SOPs, MOUs (bilateral), IDRLS, MNF SOPs and SASOPs –The HN must consider how on the ground local commanders/ nation leads will be able to resolve potential issues as they arise in the delivery of support.

8. 7.Who sets the Measures of Effectiveness (MOE) for the provision of support and links them to attainment of a steady state within DP2 and ultimately the achievement of DP3? Are there international standards for these MOE that all stakeholders may refer to? –The Host Nation should determine the overall MOE for the conduct of HA/DR operations however –all stakeholders will generally have predetermined MOE on the support they are providing. These may be based upon standardised performance measures or be arbitrary ones imposed by the external controllers of the stakeholders. –The MOE will be mission specific but can be drawn from accepted international standards as identified by the UN, IFRC etc –It is important though that as planning and is being developed in the first instance, some level of metric measure or KPI are applied so that as the operation progresses adjustments can be made based upon achieving or not achieving MOE. –Where practicable the Host Nation should make use of the current international standards as a basis or articulating the MOE required for the HA/DR operation

9. 8.The continual monitoring of the situation, both in terms of the crisis and the effectiveness of the HA/DR, is a critical to all stakeholders. Who should provide the Common Operating Picture (COP) to ensure that all stakeholders have a more complete level of SA Role of National CCC 24/7. The UN may be selected to evaluate and monitor the recovery activities of the HN. Reduction of negative media towards the HN, government, relief efforts

10. SOPs Standards should reflect those provided by the UN and its agencies. –SPHERE –SN consider cultural /religious sensitivities –OSLO Guidelines –IDRLs (IFRC Capstone Document) –Code of conduct for workers INSARAG –SOFA – Generic (Annex 1 to OSLO Guidelines)