1. US Becomes a World Power RUSH

2. Standard 11.4 11.4 Students trace the rise of the United States to its role as a world power in the Twentieth century. 11.4 Students trace the rise of the United States to its role as a world power in the Twentieth century. List the purpose and the effects of the Open Door policy. List the purpose and the effects of the Open Door policy. Describe the Spanish-American War and U.S. expansion in the South Pacific. Describe the Spanish-American War and U.S. expansion in the South Pacific. Discuss America's role in the Panama Revolution and the building of the Panama Canal. Discuss America's role in the Panama Revolution and the building of the Panama Canal. Explain Theodore Roosevelt's Big Stick diplomacy, William Taft's Dollar Diplomacy, and Woodrow Wilson's Moral Diplomacy, drawing on relevant speeches. Explain Theodore Roosevelt's Big Stick diplomacy, William Taft's Dollar Diplomacy, and Woodrow Wilson's Moral Diplomacy, drawing on relevant speeches. Analyze the political, economic, and social ramifications of World War I on the home front. Analyze the political, economic, and social ramifications of World War I on the home front. Trace the declining role of Great Britain and the expanding role of the United States in world affairs after World War II. Trace the declining role of Great Britain and the expanding role of the United States in world affairs after World War II.

3. Chapter 10 America Claims an Empire 190-1919 Section 1 Imperialism and America (pages 342-46) Section 1 Imperialism and America (pages 342-46) Section 2 The Spanish-American War (pages 346-52) Section 2 The Spanish-American War (pages 346-52) Section 3 Acquiring New Lands (pages 352-59) Section 3 Acquiring New Lands (pages 352-59) Section 4 America as a World Power (pages 359-361) Section 4 America as a World Power (pages 359-361)

4. What do we need to know? Why did American business and political leaders want colonies? Why did American business and political leaders want colonies? What locations did the United States government control? What locations did the United States government control? How did the United States gain control of these locations? How did the United States gain control of these locations? How were racism and Social Darwinism justifications for imperialism? How were racism and Social Darwinism justifications for imperialism?

5. Essay Question Essay Question: Essay Question: Imagine you are living in1898. Imagine you are living in1898. Write an editorial explaining your opinion regarding the Spanish American War and America’s imperialist policy toward countries that are not industrialized. Write an editorial explaining your opinion regarding the Spanish American War and America’s imperialist policy toward countries that are not industrialized. Do you agree with the taking and controlling of other locations by the United States Government or business interests? Do you agree with the taking and controlling of other locations by the United States Government or business interests?

6. Key Terms Desire for New Land Desire for New Land Imperialism Imperialism Acquiring new land Acquiring new land Thirst for new markets Thirst for new markets Desire for military strength Desire for military strength Alfred T. Mahon Alfred T. Mahon Great White Fleet Great White Fleet Global Competition Global Competition Alaska Alaska Business and Hawaii Business and Hawaii 1893 Queen Liliuokalani 1893 Queen Liliuokalani “The White Man’s Burden” “The White Man’s Burden” Sanford Dole Sanford Dole Asia and the Pacific Asia and the Pacific Global competition Global competition John Hay John Hay Sphere of Influence Sphere of Influence China Trade China Trade Open Door Policy Open Door Policy Hawaii, Samoa, Alaska Hawaii, Samoa, Alaska Boxer Rebellion Boxer Rebellion Spanish American War Spanish American War William McKinley William McKinley Jose Marti Jose Marti American interests in Cuba American interests in Cuba Cubans rebel against Spain Cubans rebel against Spain U.S.S. Maine explodes U.S.S. Maine explodes Theodore Roosevelt Theodore Roosevelt Yellow Journalism Yellow Journalism William Randolph Hearst William Randolph Hearst Joe Pulitzer Joe Pulitzer Rough riders Rough riders Platt Amendment Platt Amendment San Juan Hill San Juan Hill War in the Philippines War in the Philippines Philippines, Midway Island, Guam Philippines, Midway Island, Guam Aguinaldo Aguinaldo Central America and Caribbean Panama Revolution Panama Revolution Panama Canal Panama Canal Big Stick Diplomacy Big Stick Diplomacy William Howard Taft William Howard Taft Dollar Diplomacy Dollar Diplomacy Woodrow Wilson Moral Diplomacy Woodrow Wilson Moral Diplomacy Anti-Imperialist League Anti-Imperialist League Mark Twain, Andrew Carnegie, Jane Addams Mark Twain, Andrew Carnegie, Jane Addams Mexican Revolution Mexican Revolution Pancho Villa Pancho Villa Emiliano Zapata Emiliano Zapata John J. Pershing John J. Pershing

7. Who said this? “We must have no scruples about exterminating this other race standing in the way of progress and enlightenment.” “We must have no scruples about exterminating this other race standing in the way of progress and enlightenment.”

8. Quiz: 2-07 1. Why does the United States want to be an imperial power beginning before 1898? 2. How does the US gain Hawaii? 3. Who was Alfred T. Mahan, and what was his message… and why? 4. Jose Marti 5. USS Maine- 6. Rough Riders

9. American Pattern of Imperialism The US will intervene in weaker nations when an economic/business/ or The US will intervene in weaker nations when an economic/business/ or Political/security interest is present and in danger. Political/security interest is present and in danger. Hawaii Hawaii Cuba Cuba Philippines Philippines China China Columbia/Panama Columbia/Panama Nicaragua Nicaragua Mexico… Mexico…

10. China and United States Relations Why does the United States support an “Open Door” policy regarding China? Why does the United States support an “Open Door” policy regarding China?

11. Pro-Imperialism Document Secretary of State William Day reflects view- 1898 Secretary of State William Day reflects view- 1898 “The output of the United States’ manufacturers, developed by the remarkable inventive genius and industrial skill of our people… “The output of the United States’ manufacturers, developed by the remarkable inventive genius and industrial skill of our people… Has reached the point of large excess above the demand of home consumption. Under these circumstances it is not surprising that greater interest should be exhibited among our manufacturers and economists in the enlargement of foreign markets for American goods.” Has reached the point of large excess above the demand of home consumption. Under these circumstances it is not surprising that greater interest should be exhibited among our manufacturers and economists in the enlargement of foreign markets for American goods.”

12. Factors to Consider American culture has spread throughout the continent of the US American culture has spread throughout the continent of the US US is industrialized US is industrialized US needs markets to sell goods US needs markets to sell goods “Produce exceeded consumption” “Produce exceeded consumption” Business interests desire expansion- Steel industry will support (Navy) Business interests desire expansion- Steel industry will support (Navy) Global Competition over land is present Global Competition over land is present France, England, Germany, Japan, Italy… France, England, Germany, Japan, Italy… Industrial world vs. Non-industrial world Industrial world vs. Non-industrial world

14. American Imperialism Is the desire on the part of politicians and industrialists to acquire colonies in order to support trade and American power. Is the desire on the part of politicians and industrialists to acquire colonies in order to support trade and American power. Two reasons for obtaining colonies include: Two reasons for obtaining colonies include: Natural Resources Natural Resources Markets to sell American goods Markets to sell American goods Imperialism is driven by business interests Imperialism is driven by business interests Racism in the form of Social Darwinism shape attitudes Racism in the form of Social Darwinism shape attitudes

15. Darwin justification “Nations like species struggle constantly for existence… only the fittest survive.” “Nations like species struggle constantly for existence… only the fittest survive.” Pacific Islands Pacific Islands China China

16. What does a country need in order to have an obtain colonies? A strong navy to protect American investment and control the land A strong navy to protect American investment and control the land Alfred T. Mahan advocated strengthening of the American Navy. Alfred T. Mahan advocated strengthening of the American Navy. Pro-imperialism- US needs Pro-imperialism- US needs Coaling stops Coaling stops Repair facilities Repair facilities Permanent Bases Permanent Bases

17. Alfred T. Mahan In 1890 published a book, The Influence of Sea Power upon History 1660-1783 In 1890 published a book, The Influence of Sea Power upon History 1660-1783 Very popular in America, Roosevelt ordered a copy for every ship Very popular in America, Roosevelt ordered a copy for every ship By 1900 US is # 3 Navy in the world By 1900 US is # 3 Navy in the world

19. Missionaries US protestant missionaries support imperialism US protestant missionaries support imperialism Convert the “heathen” Convert the “heathen” Racist attitudes Racist attitudes

20. Alaska, Hawaii, and Samoa In 1867 President Johnson’s secretary of state William Seward purchased Alaska from the Russians for $7.2 million In 1867 President Johnson’s secretary of state William Seward purchased Alaska from the Russians for $7.2 million

21. Samoa In 1878 the Samoans granted the United States the rights to the naval base at Pago Pago In 1878 the Samoans granted the United States the rights to the naval base at Pago Pago

22. How does the US Acquire Hawaii? Hawaii had American planters and missionaries Hawaii had American planters and missionaries These planters wanted to maintain their power and wealth and felt that they would benefit from being part of the US These planters wanted to maintain their power and wealth and felt that they would benefit from being part of the US The US government was interested: The US government was interested: Obtaining colonies Obtaining colonies Increasing trade (Hawaii is a good point to support the navy and strategic for trade) Increasing trade (Hawaii is a good point to support the navy and strategic for trade) The whites on the islands revolted and in 1893 they seized power The whites on the islands revolted and in 1893 they seized power

23. In 1891 Liliukalani ascended to the throne and tried to regain power from the Americans In 1891 Liliukalani ascended to the throne and tried to regain power from the Americans American marines were sent to the islands to support the coup American marines were sent to the islands to support the coup A new government was formed in Washington and so did a treaty of annexation A new government was formed in Washington and so did a treaty of annexation Democratic senators blocked ratification Democratic senators blocked ratification President Cleveland sent a special team to the islands to investigate the events President Cleveland sent a special team to the islands to investigate the events They found that the coup had been organized by American planters They found that the coup had been organized by American planters Hawaii was annexed in 1898 Hawaii was annexed in 1898 Queen Liliuokalani

24. One American who supported Annexation of Hawaii Sanford Dole Sanford Dole Was an advisor to the king then Was an advisor to the king then Then the governor during the Coup de etat Then the governor during the Coup de etat His brother started the Dole Pineapple business His brother started the Dole Pineapple business

25. How does the United States get involved in a War with Spain? McKinley McKinley Yellow Journalism Yellow Journalism Joseph Pulitzer- World Joseph Pulitzer- World William Randolph Hearst- New York Journal William Randolph Hearst- New York Journal The USS Maine The USS Maine De Lome Letter De Lome Letter Cuba Cuba Rough Riders- San Juan Hill Rough Riders- San Juan Hill Philippines Philippines Aguinaldo Aguinaldo

26. Spain Spain was weak Spain was weak Lost most of its former colonies in the early part of 1800s Lost most of its former colonies in the early part of 1800s Held Cuba, Puerto Rico, Philippines, Guam, and various other colonies in Africa Held Cuba, Puerto Rico, Philippines, Guam, and various other colonies in Africa Americans begin their contact in Cuba first in the Sugarcane business. Americans begin their contact in Cuba first in the Sugarcane business.

27. Cubans wanted independence from Spain Fought in 1860’s Fought in 1860’s And again in 1895 And again in 1895 Spanish repress Cuban rebels harshly Spanish repress Cuban rebels harshly Causes Americans to sympathize with the Cuban Rebels Causes Americans to sympathize with the Cuban Rebels

28. Jose Marti Cuban poet and Nationalist wanted Cuban independence and begins a guerrilla war against Spain 1895 Cuban poet and Nationalist wanted Cuban independence and begins a guerrilla war against Spain 1895 “Man loves liberty, even if he does not know that he loves it. He is driven by it and flees from where it does not exist.” “Man loves liberty, even if he does not know that he loves it. He is driven by it and flees from where it does not exist.” Marti was afraid of American involvement Marti was afraid of American involvement Later dies in the war. Later dies in the war.

29. President William McKinley President 1896-1901 President 1896-1901 Hesitated to go to war with Spain- Hesitated to go to war with Spain- Bowes to public pressure- due to Bowes to public pressure- due to Yellow Journalism Yellow Journalism Maine Explosion Maine Explosion De Lome Letter De Lome Letter Assassinated by an Anarchist-1901 Assassinated by an Anarchist-1901 Theodore Roosevelt takes over after… Theodore Roosevelt takes over after…

30. Yellow Journalism The Spanish-American War is often referred to as the first "media war." The Spanish-American War is often referred to as the first "media war." During the 1890s, journalism that sensationalized—and sometimes even manufactured—dramatic events was a powerful force that helped propel the United States into war with Spain. During the 1890s, journalism that sensationalized—and sometimes even manufactured—dramatic events was a powerful force that helped propel the United States into war with Spain. Newspaper publishers used melodrama, romance, and hyperbole (exaggeration) to sell millions of newspapers- Newspaper publishers used melodrama, romance, and hyperbole (exaggeration) to sell millions of newspapers-

31. How do these pictures reflect the idea of Yellow Journalism? How do these pictures reflect the idea of Yellow Journalism?

32. Pulitzer and Hurst Two of the greatest Yellow Journalists.. Two of the greatest Yellow Journalists.. Joseph Pulitzer- publisher of the New York World Joseph Pulitzer- publisher of the New York World William Randolph Hearst- publisher of New York Journal William Randolph Hearst- publisher of New York Journal “You Furnish the pictures and I’ll furnish the war.” “You Furnish the pictures and I’ll furnish the war.”

33. De Lome Letter Spanish diplomat De Lome, wrote a letter insulting President McKinley Spanish diplomat De Lome, wrote a letter insulting President McKinley This letter was “Leaked” to the press and caused outrage among Americans. This letter was “Leaked” to the press and caused outrage among Americans. Americans became more open to the idea of War with Spain. Americans became more open to the idea of War with Spain.

34. Maine Explodes 1898 Causes Americans to Blame Spain Causes Americans to Blame Spain Gives imperialists and excuse to take Spanish possessions Gives imperialists and excuse to take Spanish possessions

35. “Yellow” Headlines “Yellow” Headlines

37. US calls for troops and invades Cuba, Puerto Rico and the Philippines US calls for troops and invades Cuba, Puerto Rico and the Philippines

38. Roosevelt, Rough Riders, San Juan Hill Theodore Roosevelt, former governor of New York, Former Secretary of the Navy, Theodore Roosevelt, former governor of New York, Former Secretary of the Navy,

39. Philippines Pre-planned attack- in event of War Dewey was to attack Pre-planned attack- in event of War Dewey was to attack Americans under Dewey destroy the Spanish Fleet in Manila Bay Americans under Dewey destroy the Spanish Fleet in Manila Bay

40. Treaty of Paris Ends the Spanish American War Ends the Spanish American War Cuba gets freedom from Spain (US will control Cuba for some time) Cuba gets freedom from Spain (US will control Cuba for some time) US gets Guam, Puerto Rico, and Buys Philippines for $20 million US gets Guam, Puerto Rico, and Buys Philippines for $20 million

41. Puerto Rico Why is Puerto Rico important to the US even today? Why is Puerto Rico important to the US even today? Does not become a state Does not become a state Is part of the US Is part of the US

42. Cuba Was independent Was independent Teller Amendment- stated US had no intention of holding Cuba (Before the War) Teller Amendment- stated US had no intention of holding Cuba (Before the War) However- the US forced the Cubans to adopt the Platt Amendment- However- the US forced the Cubans to adopt the Platt Amendment- Cuba could not make treaties with foreign countries to use its territory Cuba could not make treaties with foreign countries to use its territory US was allowed to intervene in Cuban affairs US was allowed to intervene in Cuban affairs Cuba could not go into debt Cuba could not go into debt US could lease land on the island for Navy base US could lease land on the island for Navy base Cuba was a US Protectorate Cuba was a US Protectorate “There is of course little or no independence left to Cuba.” Wood, American Commander in Cuba “There is of course little or no independence left to Cuba.” Wood, American Commander in Cuba

43. Yankee Imperialism in Cuba Once in “control” of Cuba Once in “control” of Cuba American business begins to assert power American business begins to assert power Tobacco Tobacco Sugarcane Sugarcane Fruit Fruit

44. The Philippines and Aguinaldo The Filipinos wanted independence too Their Leader was Emilliano Aguinaldo Their Leader was Emilliano Aguinaldo They will fight American control for three years They will fight American control for three years Aguinaldo will eventually be captured and give up the fight.

45. US Occupies Philippines 70,000 - 120,000 troops sent to pacify Philippines 70,000 - 120,000 troops sent to pacify Philippines 4000 Americans and 20,000 – 50,000 Filipinos die 4000 Americans and 20,000 – 50,000 Filipinos die Lasts 3 years Lasts 3 years Bloody and Repressive Bloody and Repressive

46. Brutal Counter-Insurgency War Mass killings Mass killings Concentrations camps Concentrations camps “We must have no scruples about exterminating this other race standing in the way of progress and enlightenment.” “We must have no scruples about exterminating this other race standing in the way of progress and enlightenment.”

47. William Howard Taft The first American Governor of the Philippines. The first American Governor of the Philippines. Americans claim and control the Philippines until 1948 Americans claim and control the Philippines until 1948

48. McKinley and Philippines McKinley thought McKinley thought Returning Philippines to Spain would be cowardly Returning Philippines to Spain would be cowardly US would not turn over islands to another Imperial country US would not turn over islands to another Imperial country Filipinos were not ready for independence Filipinos were not ready for independence US needed to educate the Filipinos US needed to educate the Filipinos

49. Anti-Imperialism League Northeast-Urban Northeast-Urban Some women Some women Andrew Carnegie Andrew Carnegie Mark Twain Mark Twain Samuel Gompers Samuel Gompers William Jennings Bryan (will later advocate supporting Treaty of Paris- to bring debate to the presidential election) William Jennings Bryan (will later advocate supporting Treaty of Paris- to bring debate to the presidential election) Undemocratic to hold colonies Undemocratic to hold colonies Empire founded upon force Empire founded upon force Make worse racial problems in US Make worse racial problems in US “Bringing large numbers of aliens into the United States would threaten the welfare of the nation” “Bringing large numbers of aliens into the United States would threaten the welfare of the nation” Morally wrong Morally wrong “No man was ever created good enough to won another. No nation was ever created good enough to own another.” “No man was ever created good enough to won another. No nation was ever created good enough to own another.”

50. Assassination of McKinley

51. Senator Albert J. Beveridge on Expansion January 9, 1900 Mr. President, the times call for candor. The Philippines are ours forever, "territory belonging to the United States," as the Constitution calls them. Mr. President, the times call for candor. The Philippines are ours forever, "territory belonging to the United States," as the Constitution calls them. And just beyond the Philippines are China's illimitable markets. We will not retreat from either. We will not repudiate our duty in the archipelago. We will not abandon our opportunity in the Orient. We will not renounce our part in the mission of our race, trustee, under God, of the civilization of the world. And just beyond the Philippines are China's illimitable markets. We will not retreat from either. We will not repudiate our duty in the archipelago. We will not abandon our opportunity in the Orient. We will not renounce our part in the mission of our race, trustee, under God, of the civilization of the world. And we will move forward to our work, not howling out regrets like slaves whipped to their burdens, but with gratitude for a task worthy of our strength, and thanksgiving to Almighty God that He has marked us as His chosen people, henceforth to lead in the regeneration of the world. And we will move forward to our work, not howling out regrets like slaves whipped to their burdens, but with gratitude for a task worthy of our strength, and thanksgiving to Almighty God that He has marked us as His chosen people, henceforth to lead in the regeneration of the world. Mr. President, this question is deeper than any question of party politics: deeper than any question of the isolated policy of our country even; deeper even than any question of constitutional power. It is elemental. It is racial. God has not been preparing the English-speaking and Teutonic peoples for a thousand years for nothing hut vain and idle self-contemplation and self- admiration. No! He has made us the master organizers of the world to establish system where chaos reigns. He has given its the spirit of progress to overwhelm the forces of reaction throughout the earth. He has made us adepts in government that we may administer government among savage and senile peoples. Were it not for such a force as this the world would relapse into barbarism and night. And of all our race He has marked the American people as His chosen nation to finally lead in the regeneration of the world. This is the divine mission of America, and it holds for us all the profit, all the glory, all the happiness possible to man. We are trustees of the world's progress, guardians of its righteous peace. The judgment of the Master is upon us: "Ye have been faithful over a few things; I will make you ruler over many thing." Mr. President, this question is deeper than any question of party politics: deeper than any question of the isolated policy of our country even; deeper even than any question of constitutional power. It is elemental. It is racial. God has not been preparing the English-speaking and Teutonic peoples for a thousand years for nothing hut vain and idle self-contemplation and self- admiration. No! He has made us the master organizers of the world to establish system where chaos reigns. He has given its the spirit of progress to overwhelm the forces of reaction throughout the earth. He has made us adepts in government that we may administer government among savage and senile peoples. Were it not for such a force as this the world would relapse into barbarism and night. And of all our race He has marked the American people as His chosen nation to finally lead in the regeneration of the world. This is the divine mission of America, and it holds for us all the profit, all the glory, all the happiness possible to man. We are trustees of the world's progress, guardians of its righteous peace. The judgment of the Master is upon us: "Ye have been faithful over a few things; I will make you ruler over many thing." From Congressional Record(56th Cong., 1st Session) Vol XXXIII, From Congressional Record(56th Cong., 1st Session) Vol XXXIII,

52. China Trade with China was very important to US in the late 1800’s Trade with China was very important to US in the late 1800’s

53. China “The Sick Man of Asia” Chinese government was weak Chinese government was weak France France Germany Germany Britain Britain Japan Japan Russia Russia All had settlements along the coast All had settlements along the coast “Spheres of Influence” “Spheres of Influence” Europeans had control of territory Europeans had control of territory

54. The “Chinese Cake” The “Chinese Cake”

55. US wants to protect trade with China 1899 John Hay- Secretary of State 1899 John Hay- Secretary of State Wrote of series of notes called the Wrote of series of notes called the “Open Door” notes- “Open Door” notes- All nations allowed to trade with China All nations allowed to trade with China The US would “Safeguard for the world the principles of equal impartial trade with all parts of the Chinese Empire” The US would “Safeguard for the world the principles of equal impartial trade with all parts of the Chinese Empire”

56. Boxer Rebellion 1900 Chinese nationalists resent the foreign control of their country and try to push out Europeans and Americans Chinese nationalists resent the foreign control of their country and try to push out Europeans and Americans Siege foreign embassy Siege foreign embassy Americans and Europeans fight the Boxers Americans and Europeans fight the Boxers The Boxer rebellion came to an end when a multinational armed force rescued foreign diplomats in Peking. The Boxer rebellion came to an end when a multinational armed force rescued foreign diplomats in Peking.

58. China and United States Relations Were the “Boxers” justified in their attack on European powers? Were the “Boxers” justified in their attack on European powers?

59. Roosevelt Become President 1901 Was VP for McKinley- assassinated 1901 Was VP for McKinley- assassinated 1901

60. Roosevelt and the “Big Stick” Roosevelt ardent imperialist Roosevelt ardent imperialist Believed in using American power Believed in using American power “Speak softly but carry a big stick.” “Speak softly but carry a big stick.” Held racist views of civilization Held racist views of civilization Civilized= WASP, industrialized Civilized= WASP, industrialized Uncivilized=Non-white, Latin, Slavic, non- industrial Uncivilized=Non-white, Latin, Slavic, non- industrial Common view of imperial powers Common view of imperial powers “It is the right and duty of civilized nations to intervene in the affairs of uncivilized nations for the common good.” Good Web Site “It is the right and duty of civilized nations to intervene in the affairs of uncivilized nations for the common good.” Good Web SiteGood Web SiteGood Web Site

61. Roosevelt Peace maker Russo-Japanese War Peace maker Russo-Japanese War Helped negotiate peace- Treaty of Portsmouth 1905 Helped negotiate peace- Treaty of Portsmouth 1905 Wins Nobel Peace Prize Wins Nobel Peace Prize

65. Roosevelt Corollary to Monroe Doctrine James Monroe President in the 1820’s James Monroe President in the 1820’s Stated to European Powers Stated to European Powers No European intervention in Latin America will be allowed by the United States No European intervention in Latin America will be allowed by the United States Idea to prevent newly independent Latin American countries from being colonized by European powers (Britain, France) Idea to prevent newly independent Latin American countries from being colonized by European powers (Britain, France)

66. Roosevelt Corollary Roosevelt asserts American Imperialism in Latin America Roosevelt asserts American Imperialism in Latin America “In Western Hemisphere adherence of the United States to the Monroe Doctrine “In Western Hemisphere adherence of the United States to the Monroe Doctrine May force the US to exercise police power.” May force the US to exercise police power.” Means- the US will intervene in Latin America Means- the US will intervene in Latin America Example: Dominican Republic, Haiti, Nicaragua… Example: Dominican Republic, Haiti, Nicaragua… Common reasons will include Financial Difficulties (Loans from European Powers) Common reasons will include Financial Difficulties (Loans from European Powers)

67. Roosevelt Corollary

68. Great White Fleet Roosevelt sent the US Fleet of Battleships to express American Power Roosevelt sent the US Fleet of Battleships to express American Power

69. Panama Canal US Needed a Canal- to reduce travel time US Needed a Canal- to reduce travel time Hay-Panceforte Treaty- 1901 US gained the exclusive rights to a canal in Central America Hay-Panceforte Treaty- 1901 US gained the exclusive rights to a canal in Central America Location was Panama Location was Panama Part of Columbia Part of Columbia French company had started, US baught the rights for $40 million French company had started, US baught the rights for $40 million

70. Panama Canal Columbia resisted US intentions to build the Canal Columbia resisted US intentions to build the Canal Roosevelt backs a rebellion of Panamanian wealthy against Columbia Roosevelt backs a rebellion of Panamanian wealthy against Columbia Nov. 1903 Panama declares independence Nov. 1903 Panama declares independence With 12 American Warships to help With 12 American Warships to help US and Panama agree on terms for a Canal US and Panama agree on terms for a Canal Canal built 1903-1914 43,000 workers were used Canal built 1903-1914 43,000 workers were used

71. Map of Panama Canal

73. Taft and Wilson follow Roosevelt’s lead regarding Imperialism Intervention Intervention Support of American interests abroad Support of American interests abroad Some differences Some differences

74. Taft and Dollar Diplomacy President Taft takes over for Roosevelt President Taft takes over for Roosevelt Believe in using American money and loans from American Banks to influence Latin American countries Believe in using American money and loans from American Banks to influence Latin American countries Idea is to use money to develop Latin American Countries Idea is to use money to develop Latin American Countries Use $ to control Latin American Countries Use $ to control Latin American Countries

75. Woodrow Wilson 1912-1919 Democrat (Progressive) Democrat (Progressive) PHD-Professor then President of Princeton- Political Science PHD-Professor then President of Princeton- Political Science Governor of New Jersey Governor of New Jersey Want foreign policy to shape Want foreign policy to shape morality in the World. morality in the World. Very religious Very religious Committed to Peace in the world. Committed to Peace in the world.

76. Moral or Missionary Diplomacy Wilson, “It would be the irony of fate if my administration had to deal chiefly with foreign affairs.” Wilson, “It would be the irony of fate if my administration had to deal chiefly with foreign affairs.” Hoped to change relations with Latin America- didn’t like the “Big Stick” diplomacy- Hoped to change relations with Latin America- didn’t like the “Big Stick” diplomacy- Wanted to restore Latin American Confidence in the US Wanted to restore Latin American Confidence in the US American Economic Expansion with American Democracy, and Christianity, to civilize the world. American Economic Expansion with American Democracy, and Christianity, to civilize the world. Secretary of State William Jennings Bryan (Christian, Pacifist- reflected the Moral/Missionary vision) Secretary of State William Jennings Bryan (Christian, Pacifist- reflected the Moral/Missionary vision)

77. “Missionary” Diplomacy Wilson saw American influence in the world as a moral crusade- Wilson saw American influence in the world as a moral crusade- Wanted to help create a “New World Order” guided by fair play and cooperation Wanted to help create a “New World Order” guided by fair play and cooperation Wanted to spread democracy and hope to less fortunate lands Wanted to spread democracy and hope to less fortunate lands Pledged, “The United States would never again seek one additional foot of territory by conquest.” Pledged, “The United States would never again seek one additional foot of territory by conquest.”

78. Wilson and Morality “Americans are meant to carry liberty and justice and the principles of humanity wherever… convert them to principles of America.” “Americans are meant to carry liberty and justice and the principles of humanity wherever… convert them to principles of America.” “America must use it’s enormous moral and material power to create a new order.” “America must use it’s enormous moral and material power to create a new order.”

79. Missionary Diplomacy Wilson later, introduced the Jones Act to Congress asking for self governance for the Philippines (their own government) Wilson later, introduced the Jones Act to Congress asking for self governance for the Philippines (their own government)

80. Wilson continues intervention in Latin America Purchase of Virgin Islands from Denmark Purchase of Virgin Islands from Denmark Dominican Republic intervention Dominican Republic intervention Haiti- Haiti- Nicaragua Nicaragua Example of Mexico Example of Mexico

81. Poor Mexico “Poor Mexico So far from God, so close to the United States” “Poor Mexico So far from God, so close to the United States” Porfirio Diaz Dictator of Mexico Porfirio Diaz Dictator of Mexico When Wilson takes office US business has $1 billion invested in Mexico When Wilson takes office US business has $1 billion invested in Mexico Oil, mines, RR, Ranches Oil, mines, RR, Ranches (more than all other foreign investment combined)- US has a huge interest in Mex. (more than all other foreign investment combined)- US has a huge interest in Mex.

82. Mexican Revolution 1910 Porfirio Diaz 1884-1911 Porfirio Diaz 1884-1911 Dictator of Mexico Dictator of Mexico Pro-American Pro-American

83. Different Revolutionary Leaders 1911 Diaz deposed by Francisco Madera 1911 Diaz deposed by Francisco Madera 1913 Madera deposed by Victoriano Huerta (Madera was murdered) 1913 Madera deposed by Victoriano Huerta (Madera was murdered) Wilson was angry with Huerta and refused to recognize his government- Wilson was angry with Huerta and refused to recognize his government- Wilson supported Venustiano Carranza who fought against Huerta Wilson supported Venustiano Carranza who fought against Huerta

84. Wilson orders Occupation of Veracruz An incident - American sailors are arrested in Veracruz An incident - American sailors are arrested in Veracruz Wilson uses as an excuse to attack Wilson uses as an excuse to attack Fight and occupy Veracruz Fight and occupy Veracruz Carranza was able to then force Huerta to Flee and takes over government Carranza was able to then force Huerta to Flee and takes over government

85. Meanwhile- Pancho Villa Francisco “Pancho” Villa was a supporter of Carranza- then the two split Francisco “Pancho” Villa was a supporter of Carranza- then the two split Wilson was supporting Villa for a short time but changes to only Carranza. Wilson was supporting Villa for a short time but changes to only Carranza. Villa kills Americans and also even attacks New Mexico 1916 Villa kills Americans and also even attacks New Mexico 1916 Wilson responds by sending General Pershing and 10,000 American troops to find Villa Wilson responds by sending General Pershing and 10,000 American troops to find Villa

86. Mexican Intervention

87. “Black Jack” Pershing “Black Jack” “Black Jack” Because he commanded black troops in Spanish American War Because he commanded black troops in Spanish American War Chased Pancho Villa for 1 year Chased Pancho Villa for 1 year Later will lead American Expeditionary Force in World War I Later will lead American Expeditionary Force in World War I

89. Rudyard Kipling- Pro Imperialism The White Man’s Burden The White Man’s Burden Take up the White Man's burden-- Send forth the best ye breed-- Go bind your sons to exile To serve your captives' need; To wait in heavy harness, On fluttered folk and wild-- Your new-caught, sullen peoples, Half-devil and half-child. Take up the White Man's burden-- The savage wars of peace-- Fill full the mouth of Famine And bid the sickness cease; And when your goal is nearest The end for others sought, Watch sloth and heathen Folly Bring all your hopes to nought. Take up the White Man's burden-- Send forth the best ye breed-- Go bind your sons to exile To serve your captives' need; To wait in heavy harness, On fluttered folk and wild-- Your new-caught, sullen peoples, Half-devil and half-child. Take up the White Man's burden-- The savage wars of peace-- Fill full the mouth of Famine And bid the sickness cease; And when your goal is nearest The end for others sought, Watch sloth and heathen Folly Bring all your hopes to nought. This famous poem, written by Britain's imperial poet, was a response to the American take over of the Philippines after the Spanish-American War. This famous poem, written by Britain's imperial poet, was a response to the American take over of the Philippines after the Spanish-American War.

90. Racism and Expansion Josiah Strong- book Our Country Josiah Strong- book Our Country Racist justification of imperialism Racist justification of imperialism Asserted Anglo-Saxon’s had a genius for colonization Asserted Anglo-Saxon’s had a genius for colonization “God with infinite wisdom and skill is training the Anglo-Saxon race for the final competition of races.” “God with infinite wisdom and skill is training the Anglo-Saxon race for the final competition of races.” Implication:-weaker, “black, brown and yellow people were inferior to the Anglo-saxon…” Implication:-weaker, “black, brown and yellow people were inferior to the Anglo-saxon…”

91. Protectorate Treaty- strong state agrees to protect vulnerable territories against 3 rd party (other nation) assault Treaty- strong state agrees to protect vulnerable territories against 3 rd party (other nation) assault In exchange for assistance In exchange for assistance

92. Blaine Secretary of State Republican under Garfield and Harrison Republican under Garfield and Harrison Advocated expansion in Latin America and Pacific Advocated expansion in Latin America and Pacific

93. American Military Reforms After Spanish American War After Spanish American War US modernizes military US modernizes military Increases #’s of standing Army- 100,000 Increases #’s of standing Army- 100,000 Training Training Officer schools Officer schools National Guard reorganization National Guard reorganization