1. V ERBS Chapter 2

2. P RINCIPAL P ARTS The vocabulary list will present you with three principal parts for each verb. amo, amare, amavi 1 st person, singular, Present tense 1 st person, singular, Present tense Infinitive (second principal part) Infinitive (second principal part) 1 st person, singular, perfect tense

3. T RANSLATION OF THE I NFINITIVE In regular Latin verbs, the infinitive will end in an –re. Whenever you see an infinitive, translate it with the English word “to.” Examples: amare= to love monere= to carry

4. T HE I NFINITIVE The infinitive of a verb helps you in two very important ways. It tells you what conjugation a verb is in. It gives you the present stem of a verb.

5. C ONJUGATION In order to tell what conjugation a verb is in, look at the vowel before the –re in the infinitive. a= first conjugation long e, (ē)= second conjugation short e (e)= third conjugation i= fourth conjugation

6. T HE P RESENT S TEM The second piece of information that the infinitive gives you is the present stem. In order to find the present stem of a verb, go to the infinitive and take off the –re. InfinitivePresent stem amareama monēremonē

7. F ORMING THE PRESENT TENSE In order to form the present tense, add personal endings to the present stem The personal ending –t, is the ending for third person, singular. It is translated as he, she, or it. Examples: amat= he, she, or it loves monet= he, she, or it warns

8. F ORMING THE P RESENT T ENSE ( CON ’ T ) The personal ending –nt, is the ending for third person, plural. It is translated as they. Examples: amant= they love monent= they warn

9. T HE VERB “ TO BE.” Even the irregular verb “to be” follows this same pattern for third person endings. Est= he, she, it, is Sunt= they are

10. S UBJECT /V ERB A GREEMENT Always remember that the subject and the verb in a sentence MUST agree in number. In other words, if your subject is singular, the verb MUST also have a singular ending. If the subject is plural, the verb MUST also be plural.

11. S UBJECT /V ERB A GREEMENT ( CON ’ T ) Pater canem amat. Father loves the dog. “Father” (Pater) is a singular subject, so “loves” (amat) also has a singular ending. Pater et mater canem amant. The father and mother love the dog. Because “father and mother” are a plural subject, amant also has a plural ending.