1. Advanced Democracies Defining Paths Freedom and equality
States and sovereignty
Social change and conflict
Economic Change

2. Quiz How are Postmodern values different from Modern values?
What is the major dilemma facing Advanced Democracies in regard to the welfare state and an aging population?

3. Defining Advanced Democracies
Which countries are these?
Past definitions: first, second, third worlds
Problems with these terms: democracy and capitalism, end of Cold War
Countries move between different categories!
Definition: institutionalized democracy and high level of economic development

4. Paths of Advanced Democracies
How did they get to where they are today?
Various paths of democratization and industrialization
Early democratization and industrialization (US, Canada)
Late democratization, early industrialization (Germany)
Late industrialization, late democratization (Japan)

5. Freedom and Equality in the Advanced Democracies
All share:
institutionalized liberal democracy
Private property and free markets
High level of economic development
Differences, though, in how freedom and equality reconciled
Civil liberties
Participation and competition
State role in the economy (liberal, social democratic, mercantilist)

6. States and Sovereignty
Hallmarks of modern politics
Changing in the advanced democracies?
Pull of authority upward: Integration
Pull of authority downward: Devolution
Both challenge state power

7. Integration and the European Union
Created after World War Two
Idea to prevent war through interdependence
Pool resources to have greater authority in international system (Cold War)
Slow development from 1951 to present
Transfer of sovereignty incrementally

8. Institutions of the EU
Bodies that reflect domestic political institutions, with some differences
European Commission: representatives appointed from member states, make legislation
Council of Ministers: ministers from member states’ cabinets, approve legislation
European Parliament: directly elected members that approve legislation
European Court of Justice: interprets EU law

9. From Intergovernmental to Supranational?
EU has gained more power over time
No longer intergovernmental
Now supranational—like a state of its own
Monetary Union—most member states gave up own currency in 2002 for euro
Major loss of sovereignty—countries’ central banks lost many of their traditional powers
How good has been euro for EU members?

10. Enlargement of the EU In 2004, took on ten new members
Most post-communist countries of Eastern Europe, former Soviet Union
How will this affect EU?
Decision making in a larger body
Costs of subsidies and benefits for poorer new members causes conflict
Former Soviet States’ Skepticism
Far from over

11. Rejection of the EU Constitution
Why?
- Fear of loss of Sovereignty (Too Liberal and too Socialist)
- Too long and too difficult to understand
- Democratic Deficit

12. Supranationalism and Democracy
Who controls the EU?
Absence of direct popular control
Notion of the “democratic deficit”
Recent rejection of EU constitution by some members has led to confusion over future of EU and what changes are needed

13. Devolution and Democracy
Power not just moving up, as with EU
Also moving down
Devolution: powers and resources are transferred away from central state institutions and vested at a lower level

14. Why Devolution?
Counter public mistrust of “distant” government and state
Greater flexibility and local participation
Resolve ethnic or national identity conflicts by giving more power to discontent groups
Helps reinvigorate politics or simply undercuts state sovereignty?

15. Limits of Devolution
Post-September 11, move back toward centralization
State power increased, devolution seen as a possible threat to security

16. Social Change and Conflict: Postmodern Values
Changes at societal level as well
Traditional modern values:
Rationality and science
Individualism and autonomy
Materialism
Growing skepticism of these values by 1960s
Environmentalism
Criticism of nationalism and patriotism

17. The Content of Postmodern Values
Less focused on idea of progress
Quality of life issues more central
Health
Environment
Leisure
Personal equality
Diversity
Hostility to centralized power (devolution, integration)

18. Diversity, Identity, and the Challenge to Postmodern Values
Are postmodern values really taking hold?
Affected in part by wave of immigration across advanced democracies
Large numbers
Diverse groups of peoples within and between advanced democracies

19. Identity and Migration
Assimilation or multiculturalism?
Will migration undercut postmodern values?
Will advanced democracies become more different from each other due to migration?

20. Economic Change: Postindustrialism
Modern economies built upon industrialization, away from agriculture
Now moving from industry and toward service sector: non-tangible goods
Finance, insurance
Communication, education
Legal, health care
Majority of people in advanced democracies now work in service sector

21. Postindustrialism’s Effects
Greater devolution of industry?
Less hierarchical
More virtual
More international
More flexible and autonomous
Reinforces postmodern values?
Marginalization of those without education?
Shapes new political struggles?
How much of this is over-exaggerated?

22. Maintaining the Welfare State
Important element of most advanced democracies
Wide array of social expenditures enjoyed by society
But problems as well:
Increasingly expensive, such as health care, pensions
Populations getting older!
Who will pay for this?
Migration as a way to solve? Will people accept?

23. Future Issues States face integration and devolution
Societies face new values and old ideologies
Economies face changing workplace and aging workforce
How will these areas in combination transform freedom and equality in the coming decades?