1. Portable computers Unit objectives: Identify and install notebook components Configure your mobile computer Replace components in notebook computers and handheld devices Troubleshoot and maintain notebook components

2. Topic A Topic A: Notebook computers Topic B: Configuration Topic C: Component replacement Topic D: Notebook issues

3. Notebook computer Small size Light weight Standard client operation system Components modified from desktop Touchpad Keyboard Monitor

4. Typical notebook components CPU Memory Hard drive CD or DVD drive Monitor Keyboard Pointing device Network adapter Modem Peripheral ports One or more slots for expansion cards

5. Notebooks Not as easy to upgrade as desktops Little compatibility between manufacturers or within a manufacturer’s own lines Typically more expensive than desktops Designed to be small, lightweight, and portable Secure with a cable lock

6. Netbooks Subcompact notebooks Smaller than regular notebooks Designed for wireless Internet use Lower processing power and storage capacity Easy to travel with Run variety of operating systems

7. Notebook batteries Vary in size and shape Provide 30 minutes to 8 hours of power

8. Battery types Nickel cadmium (NiCad) Nickel metal-hydride (NiMH) Lithium-ion (Li-Ion) Zinc air Fuel cell

9. Power adapters External power cord and transformer Automatically switches power Power cord recharges the battery 12-volt power adapters available Computer plug TransformerOutlet plug

10. Power indicator lights Solid light Solid alternate-color light Blinking light

11. Auto-switching Automatically switch between battery and AC power AC power supply connected, notebook runs on external power No AC power supply connected, notebook runs on battery –Runs on battery until fully discharged or connected to AC power supply OS monitors battery power and displays low-battery warnings

12. Notebook processors Engineered to: –Use less power –Generate less heat For up-to-date specs refer to manufacturers’ Web sites: –http://www.amd.com/us/products/notebook/ processors/Pages/notebook-processors.aspx –http://www.intel.com/products/laptop/ processors/index.htm NOTEBOOKCHECK Web site maintains CPU benchmarks for mobile processors continued

13. Notebook processors, continued Heat dissipation Power management –ACPI Sleep Hibernate Standby –Wireless network connectivity

14. Notebook memory SODIMM –Approx. half size of regular DIMM –6.76 cm x 3.015 cm –72, 100, 144, 200 or 204 pins MicroDIMM –Smaller than SODIMM –4.25 cm x 2.5 cm –5.4 cm x 3.0 cm –144, 172, 214 pins

15. Notebook drives Hard drive DVD or CD drive Typically no floppy DVD/CD drive might be RW Hard drive –Size: typically smaller than desktop –Small form factor: 2.5" drive –Uses less power than desktop drive –Often slower than desktop drive

16. Notebook keyboard Numeric keypad shares the letter keys Function keys have special functions, accessed with Fn key

17. LCD monitors LCD technology –Uses less power –Generates less heat –Takes up less space –Produces less glare Three types of LCD technology –Transmissive –Reflective –Transflective

18. Native resolutions XGA SXGA UXGA WXGA+ WSXGA+ WUXGA Active matrix technology used to provide highest resolution available

19. Notebook pointing devices Integrated pointing devices –Middle of keyboard –Below keys Types –Small pointer (like a joystick) with separate buttons; below Spacebar –Trackball –Touchpad

20. Touchpad Glide surface Left button Right button

21. Handwriting technology Write letters and numbers on the monitor screen Use a stylus Program interprets characters for use in applications Used on tablet PCs

22. Notebook peripheral ports USB and IEEE 1394 ports VGA, DVI, HDMI ports Memory card readers PS/2 ports and S-Video Volume controls Line out Microphone port Mute button Microphone port Mute button Volume controls Mute button Volume controls Mute button Line out Volume controls Mute button Line out Volume controls Mute button

23. Activity A-1 Identifying the components and integrated peripherals in a notebook

24. Wireless communication Use to link devices: –PCs –Handheld computers –Music players Methods: –Infrared light –Radio waves –Bluetooth

25. Infrared Pulses of infrared light Up to 16 Mbps 1 meter range Direct line of sight No more than a 30-degree angle

26. IrDA port

27. Radio Modulated signals sent over radio waves Not line-of-sight Technologies with varying features –802.11n — Theoretical max. 300 Mbps; real-world speeds 100-140 Mbps –802.11g — Theoretical max. 54 Mbps; real-world speeds 22-24 Mbps RF = radio frequency –Uses antenna; sometimes hidden in case

28. 802.11n wireless router

29. Bluetooth Short-range radio (10 meters) Auto-discovery Self-configuring devices Includes an antenna, often hidden inside device Cell phones, PDAs, music players, etc.

30. Network connections Ethernet –Most popular form of LAN –Good balance between ease of setup and use, speed, and cost Wireless –Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity) –WiMAX (IEEE 802.16 Air Interface Standard) –Cellular WAN –Bluetooth –802.11a

31. Switches for wireless antenna

32. Activity A-2 Comparing wireless networking standards

33. Topic B Topic A: Notebook computers Topic B: Configuration Topic C: Component replacement Topic D: Notebook issues

34. Windows Mobility Center Windows 7 and Windows Vista Contains tiles that link to different utilities Provides a central location for configuration Available on mobile PCs (including tablet PCs) Tiles vary by manufacturer

35. Windows Mobility Center

36. Display brightness Volume Battery status Wireless networking status Screen orientation (important for tablet PCs) External display Sync Center Presentation settings

37. Activity B-1 Using the Windows Mobility Center

38. Power-saving modes Standby Sleep Hibernation

39. Sleeping and hibernating notebooks 1.Open the Control Panel 2.Click Hardware and Sound 3.Under Power Options, click “Change what the power buttons do” 4.Select the actions you want taken when you close the lid or press the power button 5.Click “Save changes”

40. Selecting a power plan

41. Power plans Predefined: –Balanced –Power saver –High performance Customize –Predefined plan –Unique custom plan

42. Activity B-2 Putting a notebook into hibernate and sleep modes

43. Topic C Topic A: Notebook computers Topic B: Configuration Topic C: Component replacement Topic D: Notebook issues

44. Replacing components Refer to manufacturer’s documentation to find panels or slots Document and label screw locations Organize parts Use appropriate hand tools

45. Hot-swappable components Can be added or removed without turning the computer off Technologies include: –PCMCIA –USB –IEEE 1394 –Fibre Channel –Serial ATA Supported in Windows and Linux

46. PC Card types Type I — 3.3 mm thick Type II — 5 mm thick Type III — 10.5 mm thick Type IV — 16 mm thick; not part of the PCMCIA standards

47. Type II PC Card

48. Bus connections CardBus Zoomed Video eXecute In Place ExpressCard

49. Inserting and removing PC cards Inserting –Insert straight into slot –Pins connect in back of slot Removing –Stop services by using Safely Remove Hardware icon –Press Eject button –Card pops out of slot

50. Card and socket services Metaformat or Card Information Structure Card Services Socket Services

51. Safely Remove Hardware

52. Safely Remove Hardware and Eject Media

53. Activity C-1 Adding and removing hot-swappable components

54. Non-hot-swappable components Require computer to be shut down Referred to as “coldplug” Often internal components –Memory –Hard disk Unplug the system and remove the battery Always follow ESD precautions

55. Mini PCI card Same functionality as PCI card, but smaller format Installed inside notebook

56. Mini PCI card

57. Mini PCIe cards Replacing the mini PCI card on mini- ITX system boards Smaller than mini PCI card by approximately half –30 mm x 51 mm 52-pin edge connector System board mini PCIe slot must support both ExpressCard and USB 2.0

58. Mini PCIe card

59. Upgrading memory Location in notebook varies by model and manufacturer Most modern notebooks use standard memory modules Some notebooks use proprietary memory When upgrading, consider shared video memory Configure shared memory in BIOS

60. Removing the hard drive

61. Swapping a removable drive Some notebooks allow user to exchange CD or DVD drive with floppy or other drive Press release lever or button to eject drive Might be able to connect floppy drive externally through USB port

62. Keyboard 1.Remove any screws holding bottom cover in place. 2.Remove cover. 3.Disconnect connectors that connect the keyboard cables to system board. 4.If keyboard held in by screws, remove the screws. If held in by plastic snaps, gently pry up the edge of the keyboard using a flat-head screwdriver. Lift the keyboard up and out. 5.Gently lift keyboard out. 6.Gently place new keyboard in place of old one. 7.Connect keyboard cables to system board. 8.Replace bottom cover and reinsert any screws. 9.Replace battery and, if desired, reconnect notebook to external power source.

63. LCD panel and video inverter card Video inverter card – interface between LCD panel and system board If LCD monitor is dim – replace video inverter card If LCD is black – connect external monitor to notebook –External display works, LCD does not – replace LCD panel assembly –External display doesn’t work – replace video adapter card

64. Disassembling an LCD panel 1.Disconnect the notebook from any external power source and remove the battery. 2.If necessary for your notebook, remove the keyboard. 3.If necessary for your notebook, remove screws in the back of the notebook to release the hinge assembly. 4.Remove the hinge covers. These are typically plastic, so be careful not to snap them. 5.Lift the cover off the notebook. As you do so, disconnect any wires or cables that connect the LCD panel to the system board. continued

65. Disassembling an LCD panel, continued 6.Remove the screws that hold the LCD panel in the notebook’s top cover. 7.Remove the front bezel and rear cover from the LCD panel. 8.Remove the video inverter card. 9.Reverse the steps to reassemble and reattach the top with a new LCD panel, video inverter card, or both. 10.Replace the battery and, if desired, reconnect the notebook to an external power source.

66. Other components Processor Heat sink Fan System board CMOS battery Touchpad or other pointing device Speakers Web camera Plastics

67. Processor, heat sink, fan 1.If replacing the processor, update the BIOS. Manufacturers often update their firmware to support newer processors. 2.Disconnect the notebook from any external power source and remove the battery. 3.Follow the manufacturer’s directions to remove the hinges, bottom cover plate, and keyboard. 4.Detach the LCD assembly from the bottom. 5.Remove the plate or shell covering the internal components. This is also referred to as the motherboard cover. continued

68. Processor, heat sink, fan, continued 6.In some notebook computers, you might need to remove another component, such as the graphics card assembly, to gain access to the processor underneath. 7.Remove the heat sink. (Sometimes the fan and the heat sink will be part of the same cooling assembly.) 8.Unplug and detach the fan. 9.Following the manufacturer’s directions, remove the processor. Some processors have a locking screw, some a locking bar. 10.Remove any thermal compound residue from the bottom of the heat sink and processor (if not replacing the processor). continued

69. Processor, heat sink, fan, continued 11.Apply a thin layer of thermal compound and insert the new processor. 12.Reattach and plug in the original or a new system fan. 13.Reattach the original or a new heat sink (if not part of the same cooling assembly as the fan.) 14.Reassemble the notebook reversing the steps you took to disassemble it to this point. 15.Replace the battery and if desired, reconnect the notebook to an external power source.

70. System board 1.Disconnect the notebook from any external power source and remove the battery. 2.Remove the hard drive, optical drive, and memory. 3.Follow the manufacturer’s directions to remove the hinges, bottom cover plate, and keyboard. 4.Detach the LCD display assembly from the bottom. 5.Remove the plate or shell covering the internal components. continued

71. System board, continued 6.Carefully remove the internal components attached to the system board. Components to remove might include the heat sink, fan, wireless networking adapter, modem, touchpad or other pointing device, and processor. 7.Carefully remove the system board from the notebook. It might be held in place by plastic clips or screws. 8.Place the new system board in the computer, carefully lining up the cutouts for side ports, such as USB. 9.Replace the processor, remembering to remove any old thermal compound and to add new. continued

72. System board, continued 10.Replace the internal components that were attached to the system board. 11.Reassemble the notebook, reversing the steps you took to disassemble it to this point. 12.Replace the battery and, if desired, reconnect the notebook to an external power source.

73. CMOS battery 1.Disconnect the notebook from any external power source and remove the battery. 2.Follow the steps to remove the keyboard. 3.Remove the plate or shell covering the internal components. 4.Locate the CMOS battery on the system board. 5.Remove the battery. In some notebook computers, it is held in place with clips. In others, the battery is encased in plastic, connected to wires and a connector, and then plugged into the motherboard. continued

74. CMOS battery, continued 6.Reassemble the notebook. 7.Replace the battery and, if desired, reconnect the notebook to an external power source. 8.Turn on the computer and enter the CMOS utility. 9.Enter the BIOS settings. 10.Save settings and restart.

75. Pointing device 1.Disconnect the notebook from any external power source and remove the battery. 2.Follow the steps to disassemble the bottom of the notebook where the system board is located. 3.Disconnect the pointing device’s cables. Make sure to label the cables, so you know where to reattach cables for the right and left mouse buttons. 4.Carefully remove the old pointing device. 5.Insert a new pointing device in its place. continued

76. Pointing device, continued 6.Reattach the cables. 7.Reassemble the notebook, reversing the steps you took to disassemble it to this point. 8.Replace the battery and, if desired, reconnect the notebook to an external power source.

77. Speakers 1.Disconnect the notebook from any external power source and remove the battery. 2.Follow the steps to disassemble either the top cover of the noteboo,k where the LCD screen is located, or the bottom of the notebook, where the system board is located. 3.Locate the speakers (in newer laptops that play stereo sound, there is typically a right and a left speaker) and gently lift them out, disconnecting the cables. continued

78. Speakers, continued 4.Connect the cables for the new speakers and place the speakers in their proper location. 5.Reassemble the notebook, reversing the steps you took to disassemble it to this point. 6.Replace the battery and, if desired, reconnect the notebook to an external power source.

79. Web camera 1.Disconnect the notebook from any external power source and remove the battery. 2.Remove the front bezel from the display panel. Refer to the manufacturer’s documentation for the exact steps to do this. 3.Carefully remove the Web camera, disconnecting its cable. continued

80. Web camera, continued 4.Insert a new camera and connect its cable. 5.Replace the front bezel. 6.Replace the battery and, if desired, reconnect the notebook to an external power source.

81. Activity C-2 Replacing an internal component in a notebook

82. Peripherals USB ports Parallel port VGA port PS/2 ports S-Video port

83. Activity C-3 Adding peripherals

84. Desktop features Peripheral ports on notebook Port replicator –Ports only, no slots, no drives Docking station –Ports –Slots for desktop cards –Bays for drives

85. Port replicator Front view: Notebook connector Rear view: Peripheral ports

86. Activity C-4 Docking and undocking a notebook

87. Topic D Topic A: Notebook computers Topic B: Configuration Topic C: Component replacement Topic D: Notebook issues

88. Notebook computer issues Inadvertent physical damage and spills Keyboards Pointing devices Stylus External peripherals aren’t working Overheating Added components not recognized Display Wireless antenna Wireless device not responding

89. Activity D-1 Troubleshooting notebook problems

90. Power issues Rechargeable batteries wear out –Verify replacement battery is compatible Battery indicator –Use software to configure power options

91. Power-related measurements Voltage Amperage Polarity Volts  Amps = Watts

92. Replacing the battery Necessary if –Mobile for long periods of time –Battery is no longer good Battery compartment typically on bottom of notebook –Has slider or button to “pop out” battery –Not held in with screws or other holders that require tools

93. Troubleshooting power problems Check the notebook’s power status lights Use a multimeter Swap the AC adapter Replace the battery

94. Power issues with handhelds Replace or recharge batteries Back up data onto PC Can lose device settings –Reset calibration and customized settings

95. Activity D-2 Identifying power problems

96. Maintenance 1.Clean the exterior case 2.Clean the touchpad 3.Keep the fan openings and ventilation holes clear 4.Blow out dust and other materials from sensitive components 5.Clean the monitor 6.Remove dust, crumbs, and dirt from between keyboard keys 7.Clean the CD or DVD-ROM drive

97. Activity D-3 Maintaining a notebook

98. Operating environment 50% humidity Temperature to keep components cool Low dust

99. Transporting a notebook Specially designed padded case Properly pack to ship 1.Place bubble wrap around the laptop 2.Choose a box that allows at least 2" air gap between laptop and box top, bottom, and sides 3.Fill air gap with packing popcorn, bubble wrap, or other protective material 4.Use strapping tape to secure box flaps closed 5.Ship through a carrier that offers insurance and delivery confirmation

100. Unit summary Identified and installed notebook components Configured your mobile computer Replaced components in notebook computers and handheld devices Resolved issues with, and maintained, notebook components