1. The Urinary System By: Megan Schmidt Natalie Arana Chelsea Day Samantha Sanchez

2. What is the Urinary System? 0 The Urinary System is also called the Urinary Tract or Excretory system. 0 It is the organ system that produces, stores, and releases the urine. 0 Located within the abdomen, the Urinary System includes the following organs : - Two Kidneys - Two Ureters - A bladder - A urethra - A sphincter

3. The Purpose of the Urinary System 0 The purpose of this system is to keep chemicals and water in balance and remove a waste called Urea. -Urea : also known as carbamide, is the waste produced after metabolizing protein. This chemical compound is found in Urine and formed in the Kidneys. 0 It is concerned with filtering excess fluid and other things from the blood stream. 0 The filtered out substances are called Urine.

4. Urinary System and its Function

5. The Kidneys 0 Located on either side of the lungs 0 These are the main organs in the system. They filter wastes from the blood and maintain water and PH balance. 0 It keeps the saltwater balanced in the body 0 Is about 10 centimeters long 0 It is actually a mass of tiny tubes 0 Each tube is a knot of capillaries 0 Helps to regulate blood pressure

6. Inside of the Kidneys 0 The inside of the Kidneys consist of : 0 The Medulla- This is used to keep the salt and water balanced in the blood 0 The cortex- is part of the urinary system and it is the outer part of the kidney. This is where blood is filtered. 0 Nephrons- this is where actual removal of wastes occurs in tiny units inside the kidneys. There are about 1 million in each kidney. It is the functional unit of the Kidneys.

7. Diagram of Kidney

8. Arteries,Veins, and Glands 0 There are renal veins that carry blood away from the kidneys after filtration. (the blue tube in the picture) 0 There is also a renal artery that brings blood to the kidneys for filtration (the red tube in the picture) 0 The adrenal glands rest on top of the kidneys and produce numerous hormones that impact our development and growth, affect our ability to deal with stress, and help to regulate kidney function.

10. Ureters 0 The two tubes which guide the urine from the kidneys to the bladder. 0 It is from 25 to 30 cm in length and is a thin walled tube that is very narrow.

11. Bladder 0 It is the organ that collects the urine excreted by the kidneys before the Urine leaves the body. 0 It can be compared to like a sac 0 It is about the size of a pear 0 When the bladder contracts two valves open that allow the urine to flow out. 0 Connected to the bladder is the sphincter which is a muscle that is unconsciously tightened so urine cannot pass when not needed to but expands when you are ready to use the bathroom

12. Urethra 0 The passage at which urine leaves the body 0 The Urethra connects to the bladder. 0 The urethra of a man is 8 inches long 0 The urethra of a woman is 1.5 inches long. 0 The Urethra is the tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body

13. Different parts

14. DISEASES!

15. Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) 0 How to check if you have a UTI: 0 Your doctor will ask for a sample of your urine. It is tested to see if it has germs that cause bladder infections. 0 What part it affects: 0 Urinary Tract 0 Disease terminal or can it be cured: 0 Antibiotics prescribed by your doctor will usually cure a bladder infection. It may help to drink lots of water and other fluids and to urinate often, emptying your bladder each time 0 Symptoms: 0 You feel pain or burning when you urinate, you feel like you have to urinate often, but not much urine comes out when you do, Your belly feels tender or heavy, Your urine is cloudy or smells bad, You have pain on one side of your back under your ribs. This is where your kidneys are, You have fever and chills, You have nausea and vomiting. 0 How do you get this disease? 0 Holding in the urine too long, Cleaning incorrectly 0 Who gets it? 0 Both men and women can get a UTI, but women are most likely to get it.

16. Kidney Stones 0 A kidney stone is a hard mass developed from crystals that separate from the urine and build up on the inner surfaces of the kidney.

17. Symptoms 0 Pain may be felt in the belly area or side of the back 0 Pain may move to groin area (groin pain) or testicles (testicle pain) 0 Other symptoms can include: 0 Abnormal urine color 0 Blood in the urine 0 Chills 0 Fever 0 Nausea 0 Vomiting

19. Questions 0 What it does to your system: 0 Decrease or loss of function in the affected kidney 0 Kidney damage, scarring 0 Obstruction of the ureter 0 Recurrence of stones 0 Urinary tract infection 0 How do you get it 0 Not drinking enough water. substances in the urine can stick together and form a stone. 0 Other Medical conditions can affect the normal balance and cause stones to form. 0 Who gets it? 0 Kidney stones are common. Some types run in families. They often occur in premature infants. 0 kidney stones can run in families, as stones often occur in family members over several generations.

20. Treatment 0 Kidney stones that are small usually pass on their own. 0 Drink at least 6 - 8 glasses of water per day to produce a large amount of urine. See also: Kidney stones - self-care 0 Pain can be severe enough to need narcotic pain relievers. Some people with severe pain from kidney stones need to stay in the hospital. You may need to get fluids through a vein (intravenous). 0 doctor may prescribe medicine to decrease stone formation or help break down and remove the material that is causing the stone. Medications can include: 0 Surgery is usually needed if: 0 The stone is too large to pass on its own 0 The stone is growing 0 The stone is blocking urine flow and causing an infection or kidney damage 0 The pain cannot be controlled

21. Urinary incontinence Urinary incontinence- the loss of bladder control 0 It affects bladder 0 It can be cured Treatment: 0 Behavioral techniques 0 physical therapy 0 Medications 0 Medical devices 0 Interventional therapies 0 Surgery

22. Symptoms: 0 Stress incontinence. 0 Urge incontinence 0 Overflow incontinence 0 Mixed incontinence 0 Functional incontinence 0 Total incontinence Causes: 0 Alcohol 0 Overhydration 0 Caffeine 0 Bladder irritation 0 Medications 0 ANYONE CAN GET IT!!!!!!!

23. Careers 0 Nephrologists-Diagnosing and treating kidney-related illness or disease includes evaluating patients, performing kidney transplantation and administering dialysis treatments. Necessary education to become nephrologists you must have a medical doctoral degree, completion of an Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education, internal medicine residency program and at least two years of professional experience working with patients. A two- to three-year fellowship in nephrology and an additional exam through the through the ABIM is required to be certified in the nephrology specialty. The average national salary of $146,000 per year for this occupation 0 urologist- is a medical doctor who has opted to s pecialize in urinary disease and treatments. A urologist examines patients and treats conditions like kidney stones, incontinence, urinary tract infections and benign tumors and blockages. They also look at conditions such as impotence and infertility because the urinary pathway is the same pathway by which sperm travels out of the body in males, and because bacteria may travel from the urinary tract into the reproductive tract in females. Graduation from a medical school approved by the Liaison Committee on Medical Education or a school of osteopathy approved by the American Osteopathic Association; Five years of clinical postgraduate education is required, including 1 to 2 years in general surgery, followed by 3 to 4 years in a urology residency program. These doctors make anywhere from $325,200 to $426,000 a year. 0 urology oncologist - thus is a doctor who concentrates on cancers of the urinary system. These doctors determine what kind of cancer is in the urinary system and make a plan for how to treat it. They may prescribe chemotherapy or radiation and sometimes perform surgery to remove cancerous tumors. 4-year bachelor's program, complete a 4-year medical school program, and complete 3-8 years of internships and residencies. Urology oncologists have a salary median of $258,229

24. Bibliography 0.http://www.encyclopedia.com 0 http://www.medicinenet.com/kidney_stone/article.h tm http://www.medicinenet.com/kidney_stone/article.h tm 0 http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/urinary- incontinence/DS00404 http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/urinary- incontinence/DS00404 0 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH00 01549/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH00 01549/ 0 http://www.webmd.com/urinary-incontinence- oab/picture-of-the-bladder http://www.webmd.com/urinary-incontinence- oab/picture-of-the-bladder