2. William Shakespeare 1.Shakespeare was born on 4/23/1564 and died 4/23/1616. 2.He was born in the town Stratford-on-Avon in the country of England. 3.Shakespeare’s family consisted of his wife, Anne Hathaway, his son, Hamnet, and his daughters, Susanna and Judith. 4.He wrote 37 plays and 154 sonnets.

3. William Shakespeare 1.Shakespeare’s acting company, called Lord Chamberlain’s Men, acted at the theater called The Globe. 2.Elizabeth I was the queen during Shakespeare’s life. 3.The period of “rebirth” in the literature and arts was known as the Renaissance. 4.Shakespeare died in the town Stratford-on- Avon.

4. The Roman Republic: Differences, Similarities, and Politics 1.Those who ruled ancient Rome were called emperors. 2.Only men could own property. 3.Emperors could only rule by heredity.

5. Julius Cæsar: The Man Himself 1.Julius Cæsar lived from 100 B.C. to 44 B.C.; he reigned from 46 B.C. to 44 B.C. 2.When Cæsar came to power, things were dangerous. The nobility were discredited, and everything was in chaos. The only clear alternative was for him to create a military dictatorship. 3.Cæsar, Pompey, and Crassus all joined in power together to form the first triumvirate.

6. Julius Cæsar: The Man Himself 1.Cæsar is described as “ruthless” when it came to his military strategy, such as cutting off the hands of his dehydrated enemies. 2.Cæsar adopted his great nephew, named Octavius, so that he could have an heir. 3.On the date March 15, 44 B.C., otherwise known as the Ides of March, Cæsar was assassinated in the Senate.

7. Julius Cæsar: The Film Adaptation of the Play 1.Charlton Heston played Marc Antony in the 1970 film version of Julius Cæsar; Jason Robards played Brutus. 2.The play falls under the genres of drama and tragedy. 3.In the play, Cassius convinces Brutus to join the plot against Cæsar, despite Brutus’ misgivings.

8. Julius Cæsar: The Film Adaptation of the Play 1.Brutus finally decides to join the conspirators because he believes it is the only way to liberate Rome. 2.Three ominous warnings for Cæsar include soothsayer, sacrificial omens, and Cal’s dreams. 3.Cæsar’s final words are, “Et tu, Brute?”

9. Julius Cæsar: The Film Adaptation of the Play 1.Marc Antony sways the crowd to revolt against the conspirators. 2.Marc Antony and Octavius join to take control of Rome to defeat Cæsar’s assassins. 3.Cassius and Brutus commit suicide after their defeat. 4.Marc Antony honors Brutus at the end of the play, calling him the “noblest Roman of them all.”

10. Going Beyond 1.Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, and Macbeth are Shakespeare’s other four great tragedies. 2.In England, people were worried that a civil war would break out because Elizabeth I had not named an heir to the throne. 3.Brutus is the protagonist of the play and film, and he is torn between honor, friendship, and patriotism.