2. Warm-up What do you know about water?

3. Lesson Essential Question Why is water important?

4. Interaction GW and SW, not isolated components of hydrologic system Interact in variety of physiographic and climatic landscapes

5. Interaction Development or contamination of one directly affects the other Why??

6. Scarcity Water essential for all socio- economic development & for maintaining healthy ecosystems As population, need for water May lead to conflict, tensions, etc

7. Scarcity Water scarcity- point at which the aggregate impact of all users impinges on the supply or quality of water under prevailing institutional arrangements to the extent that the demand by all sectors…cannot be satisfied.

8. Scarcity Symptoms- severe environmental degradation EX?? Declining groundwater levels Problems of water allocation

9. Scarcity 1.2 billion people, live in areas of physical scarcity 500 million approaching situation 1.6 billion face water shortage

10. Readings Each student reads an article, pick out important information, tell the class what your article was about and why this is important.

12. Warm-up Why is water important?

13. Lesson Essential Question What is the relationship between bodies of water and civilization?

14. Water and Civilization EX: Mesopotamian-> Tigris and Euphrates River Egypt-> Dessert but Nile flood Minoan-> Island of Crete Why?

15. Water and Civilization Water needed for fertile soil Farm and Crops All living things need water to survive Catalyst for growth

16. Water Cycle Importance- pollution of one source affects whole cycle Draw water cycle and explain importance of each part as it relates to the environment – 20 minutes

17. Water Properties Gas becomes solid through frost formation Solid melts to become liquid Liquid evaporates into gases

18. Water Properties Affect on ecosystem: Liquid- allows organic compounds to react, needed for all life, if floods, could destroy ecosystems, cause contamination

19. Water Properties Affect on ecosystem: Solid-freezing kills pests, affects vitality of fine tree roots, slows decomposition, accelerates movement of Nitrogen from fresh litter

20. Water Properties Affect on ecosystem: Gas- humidity, good for plant life

21. Water Testing Students take samples from stream Test in classroom Contaminated or not?

23. Warm-up Why is periodically testing your water important?

24. Lesson Essential Question How does water use get divided up?

25. Water Use Planning Dams, Reservoirs and ponds 2 uses– reduce flooding hazard, water collected and stored Other uses- recreation, supply water to town/city, water to industry, irrigation to farms, power

26. Water Use Planning Dams, reservoirs and ponds Disadvantages- expense, flood control- levels need to be lowered before rainy season so no flooding occurs

27. Water Use Planning Waterway use Power required to move goods on water is less than that required to move on land Maintenance costs on ships are less than on rail, truck or air equipment

28. Water Use Planning Waterway use Most common water- transported items- petroleum and coal products

29. Water Use Planning Waterway use WWII, merchant ships used intracoastal waterway to avoid German submarines

30. Desalination 70% of earths surface- oceans Can we use it if freshwater supplies lessen?

31. Desalination Yes, after following steps 1 st - must remove salt Desalination- the process of salt extraction Not new, been around for centuries

32. Desalination 2 techniques 1.Membrane process- the filtering of salt from water through a series of filters – Used on brackish water where the salt content is lower – 2 types

33. Desalination A. Reverse Osmosis- uses natural principles of liquids flowing through a semipermeable membrane Video

34. Desalination B. Electrodialysis- uses fact that ocean water contains sodium and chlorine Two elements separate when electric current used, they separate & pass through different filters

35. Desalination Electrodialysis- freshwater is left over and pumped away Uses a lot of electric power and expensive filters

36. Desalination 2. Distillation process of desalination Nature uses in hydrologic cycle When water heater, it evaporates & leaves solid impurities. You collect & condense vapor= fresh water!

37. 2. Distillation process of desalination 1. long-tube distillation- saltwater sent through tubes, heated with stem. Vapor travels through tubes where it is cooled and collected

38. 2. Distillation process of desalination 1. long-tube distillation- conserves energy and lowers cost of distillation

39. 2. Distillation process of desalination 2. Vapor compression distillation- place water under pressure when turned into steam, steam heats other waters, steam condenses and falls to a bottom tank, then collected

40. 2. Distillation process of desalination 2. Vapor compression distillation- energy used to start process and run compressor motor

41. 2. Distillation process of desalination 3. Flash distillation- heating water and allowing it to flow into a chamber. Partial vacuum produced, water immediately boil or “flash” into steam. Steam cooled and collected

42. 2. Distillation process of desalination 3. Flash distillation- steam cooled by incoming saltwater, requires less heat energy to cause it to flash

43. 2. Distillation process of desalination 44% of worlds desalinization capacity through flash distillation in 1999 40% from reverse osmosis

44. 2. Distillation process of desalination 1945- 1 plant producing 326 cubic meters per day 2004- 10,000 plants capable of producing 35 million cubic meters per day

45. Activity Who owns water? Lab.

46. Warm-up What type of desalination is this?

48. Lesson Essential Question Who is the most intensive user of water? Why?

49. Use of water Typical person: – 50-75 gallons a day – 40% flushing toilets – 30% bathing – 20% laundry and dishes – 5% drinking – 5% other

50. Use of water Most intensive users are agriculture and industry

51. Weather Control Water Use Skiing? No snow? No BIG DEAL! Why?!?!

52. Weather Control to provide water Making rain- seed clouds with silver iodide crystals (sometimes dry ice). Crystals give water droplets something to cling to. As droplets form, become heavy & fall to earth as rain

53. Weather Control to provide water Problems? Only increases rainfall by 20%! May not fall where needed Takes rain from other places

54. Weather Control Other uses? Modification of tornados & hurricanes- silver iodide to lower winds

55. Transporting Water for use Real problem w/water? NOT ENOUGH! Water not where people are.

56. Transporting Water Ancient Romans engineers created aqueducts to transport water through Empire. Rome- 11 aqueducts- 260 miles constructed over 5 centuries 29 miles above ground, rest underground tunnels

57. Transporting Water Mid 1800s- The Salt River Project provided water for Greater Phoenix, Arizona for over century Los Angeles Aqueduct- 1913, $23 million, 223 miles, 98 miles concrete conduit & 52 miles in tunnels, 37 miles lined canals

58. Transporting Water 2 nd LAA- 1970, $89 million, 137 miles, 64 miles concrete & 69 miles steel pipeline 1 st - move 485 cubic feet per second 2 nd - move 290 cubic feet per second

59. Water Runoff control in Urban Areas 1 inch rain dumps 43,560 gallons water per acre Most water runs off, gutters & sewers transport to streams or rivers, sometimes causes flooding Cities should collect water runoff for when water will be short

60. Water Conservation Quality of water? Should reserve top quality water for drinking or cooking One proposal- re use all water, even sewage water How does that make you feel? Why?

61. Water Conservation Federal government placing tighter pollution standards on industrial water supplies.

62. Water Conservation Water: An Amazing and Precious Resource Activity Review for test