2. Water Supply and Water Users

3. Water one of the most fascinating compounds on earth necessary ingredient for all living organisms

4. covers about 70% of the earth of the earth’s surface 340 million cubic miles of water on the planet

5. 97% is in oceans 2% is freshwater 1% is frozen in glaciers and icecaps

6. The water cycle the amount of water on and around this planet is fairly constant availability of water is not as constant

7. water is continuously moving from place to place the water cycle is called the hydrologic cycle

8. powered by solar energy heats the water causing it to rise into the atmosphere called evaporation

9. water eventually returns to the ocean in the form of rain, sleet or snow returned water is called meteoric water

10. if the oceans were not recharged, their water level would decrease over 40 inches per year

11. the oceans are the largest reservoir of water we know this water is unsuitable for drinking, agricultural use, or industrial use because of the high salt content

12. the salt is left behind when the ocean water evaporates once the water has evaporated, it forms clouds

13. the water then comes back to the earth as rain, sleet or snow clouds may drop water over land or over the ocean

14. rainwater accounts for only 1% of the total water supply rain is vital in keeping the water balance on earth

15. role of plants and animals in the cycle plants absorb water through their roots and release it through tiny pores in their leaves called stomates

16. evaporation of water from plants is called transpiration animals also need water for their growth promotes chemical activity, regulates temperature

17. and transports nutrients through the blood of animals 65% of an animals weight is water

18. surface water about 30% of the rainfall in the US falls into out lakes, ponds and streams

19. this surface water is the most important element to the conservationist used by people over and over as it makes its way toward the ocean

20. used for agriculture industrial domestic needs

21. Pollution renders much of the water unsuitable for our needs

22. Ground water water that does not either evaporate or run off - soaks into the earth

23. Three zones surface - dry soil accepts water until saturated zone of aeration - empty spaces filled with air, extends from the deepest roots to just above the water table

24. groundwater zone - below zone of aeration water saturated rocks called aquifers can equal about 100 years of surface runoff volume

25. Main components oceans evaporation - transpiration plants and animals surface water ground water

26. Water users variation in population densities U.S. Population drinks about 100 million gallons of water per day only a fraction of water used

27. agriculture industry hydroelectric plants fish and wildlife recreational and domestic

28. Agriculture main use is irrigation most common methods include: surface and sprinkler techniques

29. Industry uses more water than any other raw material only a small part of the water is actually consumed used as a medium for other processes

30. canning - water is used to clean product and the containers cool ovens boil the product wash away wastes

31. may become part of the product most water is recycled or returned to the natural water cycle in a drainage ditch or stream

32. paper is made in water industry draws about 40 billion gallons of water per day water supply - major factor in location of industry

33. strong pollution control methods to recycle water rather than draw from an outside source

34. Hydroelectric plants major use of water US leads the world in hydroelectric power supplies only a small portion of our needs

35. Hydroelectric Plants concern is with damming of rivers fish runs are interrupted habitat is changed puts wildlife in danger

36. Fish and Wildlife the way water is handled affects the fish in the water and the wildlife around the water

37. land wildlife, inland birds, waterfowl different species require different types of water

38. some fish prosper in cold mountain streams some may prefer fast running rapids

39. Recreation boating, water skiing, fishing, sailing and swimming Swimming pools - require a lot of water to keep them in compliance with health regs.

40. frozen water activities ice skating, hockey, snowboarding and skiing

41. Domestic Uses cooking baths or showers carry away wastes Each American uses more water than any other person in the world

42. In the US each person uses approximately 150 gallons of water per day bath - 3-40 gallons shower - 5 gallons per minute

43. Wash clothes - 30 gallons flush the toilet - 3 gallons water the lawn and garden, wash cars fire protection

44. Use How wasteful can we be and still have enough clean water to survive?