1. AP Biology John D. O’Bryant School of Mathematics and Science
September 24, 2012

2. Agenda Do Now (Quiz) Little Mito Cells and Organelles
Lecture/Discussion
Video clip: Nucleus, Cytoplasm, Membrane
Video clip: Organelles in the Cytoplasm

3. Do Now (Quiz)
1. Which structure is common to plant and animal cells?
A) chloroplast B) wall made of cellulose C) central vacuole D) mitochondrion E) centriole

4. Do Now (Quiz)
2. All of the following cell components are found in prokaryotic cells EXCEPT
A) DNA
B) ribosomes
C) cell membrane
D) nuclear envelope
E) enzymes

5. Do Now (Quiz)
3. Cells of the pancreas will incorporate radioactively labeled amino acids into proteins. This "tagging" of newly synthesized proteins enables a researcher to track their location. In this case, we are tracking an enzyme secreted by pancreatic cells. What is its most likely pathway?
A) ER → Golgi → nucleus B) Golgi → ER → lysosome C) nucleus → ER → Golgi D) ER → Golgi → vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane E) ER → lysosomes → vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane

6. Do Now (Quiz)
4. The nitrogenous base, adenine, is found in which three of the following?
A) Proteins, chlorophyll, and vitamin A
B) Proteins, ATP, and DNA
C) ATP, DNA, and RNA
D) Chlorophyll, ATP, and DNA
E) Proteins, carbohydrates, and ATP

7. Do Now (Quiz) 5. The nucleolus functions in the production of
A) Golgi apparatus
B) microtubules
C) mitochondria
D) ribosomes
E) endoplasmic reticulum

8. Do Now (Quiz)
6. Which of the following organelles modifies and packages for secretion the materials produced by the ribosomes?
A) The chloroplast
B) The Golgi apparatus
C) The nucleus
D) The nucleolus
E) The mitochondrion

9. Do Now (Quiz)
7. Paramecia are unicellular protists that have contractile vacuoles to remove excess intracellular water. In an experimental investigation, paramecia were placed in salt solutions of increasing osmolarity. The rate at which the contractile vacuole contracted to pump out excess water was determined and plotted against osmolarity of the solutions, as shown in the graph.
Rate of
contraction
(contractions
per minute)
Osmolarity of solution (mM)

10. Do Now (Quiz)
7. Which of the following is the correct explanation for the data?
(A) At higher osmolarity, lower rates of contraction are required because more salt diffuses into the paramecia.
(B) The contraction rate increases as the osmolarity decreases because the amount of water entering the paramecia by osmosis increases.
(C) The contractile vacuole is less efficient in solutions of high osmolarity because of the reduced amount of ATP produced from cellular respiration.
(D) In an isosmotic salt solution, there is no diffusion of water into or out of the paramecia, so the contraction rate is zero.

11. Cells & Cell Organelles
Doing Life’s Work

12. Endoplasmic Reticulum
Function
works on proteins
helps complete the proteins after ribosome builds them
makes membranes
Structure
rough ER
ribosomes attached
smooth ER

13. cytoplasm
jelly-like material holding organelles in place
lysosome
food digestion
garbage disposal & recycling
vacuole & vesicles
transport inside cells
storage
nucleus
protects DNA
controls cell
mitochondria
make ATP energy from sugar + O2
ribosomes
builds proteins ER
works on proteins
makes membranes
cell membrane
cell boundary
controls movement of materials in & out
recognizes signals

14. Golgi Apparatus Function Structure
finishes, sorts, labels & ships proteins
like UPS headquarters
shipping & receiving department
ships proteins in vesicles
“UPS trucks”
Structure
membrane sacs
vesicles
carrying proteins
transport vesicles

15. cytoplasm
jelly-like material holding organelles in place
lysosome
food digestion
garbage disposal & recycling
vacuole & vesicles
transport inside cells
storage
nucleus
protects DNA
controls cell
mitochondria
make ATP energy from sugar + O2
ribosomes
builds proteins ER
helps finish proteins
makes membranes
Golgi apparatus
finishes, packages & ships proteins
cell membrane
cell boundary
controls movement of materials in & out
recognizes signals

16. endoplasmic reticulum
nucleus
protein on its way!
DNA
TO:
RNA
vesicle
TO:
TO:
vesicle
ribosomes
TO:
protein
finished protein
Golgi apparatus
Making Proteins

17. Cell membrane Function Structure separates cell from outside
phosphate “head”
Cell membrane
Function
separates cell from outside
controls what enters or leaves cell
O2, CO2, food, H2O, nutrients, waste
recognizes signals from other cells
allows communication between cells
Structure
double layer of fat
phospholipid bilayer
receptor molecules
proteins that receive signals
lipid “tail”

18. cytoplasm
jelly-like material holding organelles in place
lysosome
food digestion
garbage disposal & recycling
vacuole & vesicles
transport inside cells
storage
nucleus
protects DNA
controls cell
centrioles
cell division
ribosomes
builds proteins ER
helps finish proteins
makes membranes
mitochondria
make ATP energy from sugar + O2
Golgi apparatus
finishes, packages & ships proteins
cell membrane
cell boundary
controls movement of materials in & out
recognizes signals

19. nucleolus
make ribosomes
endoplasmic reticulum
processes proteins
makes membranes
nucleus
control cell
protects DNA
ribosomes
make proteins
cytoplasm
jelly-like material
around organelles
central vacuole
storage: food, water or waste
Golgi apparatus
finish & ship proteins
cell wall
support
mitochondria
make ATP in cellular respiration
lysosome
digestion & clean up
chloroplast
make ATP & sugars in photosynthesis
cell membrane
cell boundary
controls movement of materials in & out
recognizes signals

20. 3. Cells need to make more cells!
Making more cells
to replace, repair & grow, the cell must…
copy their DNA
make extra organelles
divide the new DNA & new organelles between 2 new “daughter” cells
organelles that do this work…
nucleus
centrioles

21. Centrioles Function Structure help coordinate cell division
only in animal cells
Structure
one pair in each cell

22. Our organelles do all those jobs!
Cell Summary
Cells have 3 main jobs
make energy
need food + O2
cellular respiration & photosynthesis
need to remove wastes
make proteins
need instructions from DNA
need to chain together amino acids & “finish” & “ship” the protein
make more cells
need to copy DNA & divide it up to daughter cells
Our organelles do all those jobs!

23. That’s my cellular story…
Any Questions?