2. Transit Liberalisation Liberalisation Physical access Facilitation Transit freedom ? B/CB/C InfrastructureInfrastructure Conclusions Conclusions IssuesIssues

3. issuesissues Multilateral Agreements: GATT (never ending debate on interpretation), New York Convention, Montego Bay Convention, etc. Regional: EU, ECMT, BSEC, ECO etc Bilateral Agreements: road (freight, passenger, combined) rail, IWT, combined transport… land transport - Main concern is road transit - Regional and bilateral arrangements remain to have a future -Package deals: transit, loco, 3 rd country; road and other modes -No deal without transit neighbours -RUCs will make a difference Transit freedom? B/C B/C InfrastructureInfrastructure Conclusions Conclusions LiberalisationLiberalisation

4. Transit liberalisation IssuesIssues B/CB/C InfrastructureInfrastructure ConclusionsConclusions businessbusiness ConditionsConditions B/C and transit proc. driver vehicle cargo infrastructure S Freedom? Freedom?

5. IssuesIssues Transit Liberalisation InfrastructureInfrastructure ConclusionsConclusions Transit Freedom? B/CB/C Opportunity for LLDCs

6. B/CB/C IssuesIssues Transit Liberalisation ConclusionsConclusions Transit freedom? Standards, Navigation (signs, signals, E- network) InfrastructureInfrastructure

7. B/CB/C Transit Liberalisation ConclusionsConclusions IssuesIssues Freedom?Freedom? InfrastructureInfrastructure

8. ConclusionsConclusions B/CB/C IssuesIssues Freedom?Freedom? EATL Phase II Rail Route 1 – Investment need: 26 billion $ InfrastructureInfrastructure

9. Transit Liberalisation: -long term goal -Realistic measures to be planned -Transport reforms would help Transit Liberalisation: -long term goal -Realistic measures to be planned -Transport reforms would help B/C and Transit Facilitation: -Low risk, high reward action: join UN Conventions B/C and Transit Facilitation: -Low risk, high reward action: join UN Conventions Improved Access: -multi-country planning Improved Access: -multi-country planning