1. Neutrino group at CENBG
G. Broudin, Ph. Hubert, Ch. Marquet,G. Lutter,
A. Nachab, F. Perrot, F. Piquemal, J.S. Ricol
Study of neutrino properties …….
Nature and mass of the neutrino
Neutrinoless double beta decay search
NEMO 3 experiment
SuperNEMO R&D
….. and to date the wine
F. Piquemal (CENBG) Nuppec Bordeaux, November

2. Neutrino mass absolute mass ? Mass scale ?
Tritium decay mve <2.3 eV
Cosmology mi<~1 eV
(0n) <mn> < eV
Mass scale ? m2
m12
m22
m32
Degenerate
m1≈m2≈m3» |mi-mj|
Normal hierarchy
m3> m2~m1
Inverted hierarchy
m2~m1>m3 ?
F. Piquemal (CENBG) Nuppec Bordeaux, November

3. Nature of the neutrino
Dirac neutrino particle  antiparticle 4 states nL,nR,nL, nR
conservation of global leptonic number
Majorana neutrino n=n states nL and nR
No conservation of global leptonic number
Majorana neutrinos exist in most of GUT and supersymmetric models
If nMajorana and CP violation in leptonic sector -> leptogenesis
Majorana neutrinos imply global leptonic number violation
F. Piquemal (CENBG) CS IN2P3 2005/03/05

4. n p e- e Neutrinoless Double Beta decayh
(A,Z)
(A,Z+1)
(A,Z+2)
L=2
=  Majorana neutrino
L  R massive neutrino
Other possible process: V+A, Majoron, SUSY
Phase space factor
Nuclear matrix element 5
T1/2= F(Q,Z) |M|2 <m>2 -1
effective neutrino Mass:
<m>= m1|Ue1|2 + m2|Ue2|2.ei1 + m3|Ue3|2.ei2
|Uei|: mixing matrix elements
1 et2: Majorana phases
F. Piquemal (CENBG) Nuppec Bordeaux, November

5. Neutrinoless Double beta and neutrinos mass scale
Klapdor point (0.39 eV)
Present status
Degenerated
5 years
10 years
Inverse hierarchy
Normal Hierarchy
Feruglio F. , Strumia A. , Vissani F. hep-ph/
F. Piquemal (CENBG) Nuppec Bordeaux, November

6. Fréjus Underground Laboratory : 4800 m.w.e.
The NEMO3 detector
3 m
4 m
B (25 G)
20 sectors
Fréjus Underground Laboratory : 4800 m.w.e.
Magnetic field: 25 Gauss
Gamma shield: Pure Iron (18 cm)
Neutron shield: borated water
+ Wood
Source: 10 kg of  isotopes
cylindrical, S = 20 m2, 60 mg/cm2
Tracking detector:
drift wire chamber operating
in Geiger mode (6180 cells)
Gas: He + 4% ethyl alcohol + 1% Ar + 0.1% H2O
Calorimeter:
1940 plastic scintillators
coupled to low radioactivity PMTs
Background: natural radioactivity, mainly 214Bi et 208Tl (g 2.6 MeV)
Radon, neutrons (n,g), muons, bb(2n)
Able to identify e-, e+, g and a
F. Piquemal (CENBG) Nuppec Bordeaux, November

7. During installation AUGUST 2001
F. Piquemal (CENBG) Nuppec Bordeaux, November

8. bb decay isotopes in NEMO-3 detector
bb2n measurement
116Cd g
Qbb = keV
96Zr g
Qbb = 3350 keV
150Nd g
Qbb = keV
48Ca g
Qbb = 4272 keV
130Te g
Qbb = 2529 keV
External bkg
measurement
100Mo kg
Qbb = 3034 keV
82Se kg
Qbb = 2995 keV
natTe g
Cu g
bb0n search
(All enriched isotopes produced in Russia)
F. Piquemal (CENBG) Nuppec Bordeaux, November

9. F. Piquemal (CENBG) Nuppec Bordeaux, November 7-8 2006

10. F. Piquemal (CENBG) Nuppec Bordeaux, November 7-8 2006

11. F. Piquemal (CENBG) Nuppec Bordeaux, November 7-8 2006

12. SuperNEMO project Objective: to built a detector sensitive to 2 1026 y
Collaboration NEMO + new labs ~ 70 physicists, 11 countries, 27 laboratories
USA
MHC
INL
U. Texas
Japan
U. Saga
KEK
U Osaka
Marocco
Fes U.
Russia
JINR Dubna
ITEP Mosow
Kurchatov Institute
Finland
U. Jyvaskula UK
UC London
U Manchester
IC London
Ukraine
INR Kiev
ISMA Kharkov
France
CEN Bordeaux
IReS Strasbourg
LAL ORSAY
LPC Caen
LSCE Gif/Yvette
Slovaquia
U. Bratislava
Spain
U. Valence
U. Saragosse
U. Barcelone
Czech Republic
Charles U. Prague
IEAP Prague
F. Piquemal (CENBG) Nuppec Bordeaux, November

13. F. Piquemal (CENBG) Nuppec Bordeaux, November 7-8 2006

14. SuperNEMO preliminary design
Plane geometry
Source (40 mg/cm2) 12m2
, tracking volume (~3000 channels)
and calorimeter (~1000 PMT)
Modular (~5 kg of enriched isotope/module)
100 kg: 20 modules
~ channels for drift chamber
~ PMT
4 m
1 m
5 m
Top view
Side view
F. Piquemal (CENBG) Nuppec Bordeaux, November

15. Open setup 02 J.FORGET SuperNEMO LAL v09/2006
F. Piquemal (CENBG) Nuppec Bordeaux, November

16. F. Piquemal (CENBG) Nuppec Bordeaux, November 7-8 2006

17. CENBG contribution to SuperNEMO
Calorimeter: from 8% to 4 % (FWHM) at 3 MeV
Improvement of plastic scintillator (collaboration with JINR Dubna (Russie)
and ISMA Karkhov (Ukraine)
Development with liquid scintillator
Improvements of Photomultiplier with Photonis company
Calibrations
Electronics readout
Low radioactivity measurement:
« BiPo » detector to measure source foil at the level of 2 mBg/kg in 208Tl
Improvements of Ge detector 60 mBq/kg to 10 mBq/kg for 1kg and 1 month
Improvements of radon detectors
F. Piquemal (CENBG) Nuppec Bordeaux, November

18. Radioactivity of materials: Selection and control
Requirements for the measurement of radioactivity:
simple and fast (>1000 samples)
non destructive (enriched isotopes !)
measurement of large quantities (~ 1 kg) and different geometries (powder, strips,…)
high energy resolution for an easy isotope identification
measurement of the non-equilibrium in radioactive families ( U/Th/Ra)
highest detection efficiency
Gamma spectroscopy with Ge detectors
Development of ultra-low background Ge spectrometers
with private company
F. Piquemal (CENBG) Nuppec Bordeaux, November

19. How to confirm the authenticity of vintage ?
Dating of wine
and
Radioactivity
Question from DGCCRF
a french government agency charged with protecting consumers
and preventing fraud
How to confirm the authenticity of vintage ?
Translation by a physicist :
Is it possible to deduce vintage from radioactivity measurements?
Moreover without opening the bottle ?
F. Piquemal (CENBG) Nuppec Bordeaux, November

20. To date the wine Chateaux Laffite and Margaux 1900 ? 137Cs in Wine
Nuclear tests
Tchernobyl
F. Piquemal (CENBG) Nuppec Bordeaux, November

21. Photography of the expected Thomas Jefferson bottles of wine from 1784 and Two bottles are from Chateau Lafite, the two other are from Branne Mouton, which nowadays is called Mouton Rothschild
F. Piquemal (CENBG) Nuppec Bordeaux, November

22. No 137Cs in Wine (< 1952)……….
….. But engravings made using an electrical high speed diamond drill with a movable head
Development in progress: to date the bottle glass by 40K activity
F. Piquemal (CENBG) Nuppec Bordeaux, November

23. Other applications in collaboration with other laboratories from University of
Bordeaux I (Sciences), Bordeaux II (Medicine), Bordeaux III (archeology),DGCCRF:
- control of the origin of atlantic salt
- control of the origin of Agen pruns
- Measurements for medical applications
- Archeology
……..
Project of radioactive measurement platform at CENBG to group
all the Ge detector from the different laboratories on the same site