2. Alternate Animal Production

3. Alternative Animal Agriculture = is the production of animals other than the traditional agriculture animals such as cattle, sheep, horses, and poultry. usually in small scale usually used to supplement traditional operation Vocabulary ____castingsa) a box like structure that makes up part of a beehive. ____foundation combb) the new queen bee’s flight during which she mates wi the the drones. _____supersc) a sheet of honeycomb placed onto frames on which the bees complete the comb to fill with honey _____proplisd) a glue/resin collect from trees and plants by bees. Used to close holes in the hive. ____maiden flighte) manure from worms ____nukesf) small hives in which queen bees are commercially produced. ____royal jellyg) secured from bees, this food causes larvae to develop into queen bees.

4. Rabbit Production  Romans produced rabbits as far back as 250 B.C.  Most are grown by part-time growers  Estimated rabbit production is from 7 to 10 million each year  Estimated that American consume around 10 to 13 million pounds of rabbit meat per year  Import meat from Europe and France (largest producers)  Drawback is that Americans are reluctant consume embrace the production and slaughter of rabbits for meat.

5. Rabbit Production Advantages to Raising Rabbits  Easily raised by anyone under almost any climactic conditions  Most are raised indoors in cages = hutches  Facilities take up little space  Housing area heated in winter and cooled in summer so able to work with animals in comfort.  Rabbits gain weight on relative small amount of feed (2.5 to 1 ratio)  rabbits digestive system allows rabbits to be feed on lesser quality of feed such as alfalfa  The demand for rabbits is greater than the supply  Rabbit meat is one of the most nutritious meats available. It is high in protein and low in fat and cholesterol, easily digested and very flavorful.

6. Llama Production

7.  Native to South America  Belong to same family as camels  Adapt well to cool, thin mountain air of the Andes mountains, but can adapt to most climactic conditions  Estimated there are about 20 thousand llamas in the U.S.  Stand 3 to 4 feet and weigh from 250 to 400 pounds  Can carry heavy packs for long distances  Go long time between drinks

8. Llama Production cont…  Can tolerate low-quality forage  Two fiber types in their coats  Long guard hairs  Short fine fiber (keeps warm)  Most production is in the Western part of the U.S.  Used to carry gear on hunting or camping trips into the mountains.  Used to pull carts and raised as pets  Also, raised for wool which makes fine rug and blankets.

9. Fish Bait Production

10.  fishing is on of the great outdoor hobbies in U.S.  Set traps up in stream to capture bait.  A growing industry in U.S.

11. Earthworm Production

12. Earthworm Production  Grown in beds that have been buildup using loose, porous material.  Materials such as: newspaper, shredded cardboard, garden compost, grass clippings, straw, or well decayed manure.  Usually peat moss is added to the mixture to keep material loose and to help hold moisture

13. Earthworm Production cont… ppH is vital to monitor (6.8, slightly acidic) TTypically need limestone to prevent to low of pH. WWater and light are used to keep beds moist and light prevent worms from crawling out. WWorms fee don vegetable scraps and cornmeal. MMature in 1 to 2 months of age

14. Earthworm Production cont…  Packed in small round containers (100 worms;25 to 50 large night crawlers)  Alternate market is selling to gardeners.  Earthworms create pores in soil for better air and water movement.  Castings (manure from worms) help enrich the soil.

15. Crickets

16. Crickets cont…  Raised in wooded boxes that are covered with screens  Floors of boxes are covered with sand where adults lay their eggs  Sand is covered with fine wood shavings or other shredded material  Heat lamps used to keep crickets and eggs warm  Young crickets are fed grain mixtures in small trays  Trays with water saturated cotton provide drinking water  Crickets are shipped in cages to bait outlets

17. Honey Production  Production for the last 6,000 years  Bees use honey for winter food  European Bees produce an abundance so humans can collect without harming population

18. Colony  Marked by division of labor  Queen Bee  Drones  Workers

19. Colony cont….  Drones  Workers