1. Internal Combustion V-8 Engine Team #3 Marco Mendoza Carlos Diaz Kevin Tevis John Harrison Wilfredo Rodriguez Bill VanFossen

2. Otto cycle  Adiabatic 4 step process Intake – piston moves downward, creating a vacuum which forces the air fuel mixture into the cylinder. Compression – Piston reaches bottom dead center and the intake valve closes. Piston begins to move to top dead center. Power – piston reaches top dead center and spark plug ignites air fuel mixture causing a combustion which forces piston back down. Exhaust – piston reaches bottom dead center, exhaust valve opens, piston moves back to top dead center, forcing exhaust out of cylinder.

3. V-8 Internal combustion engine CCCCarbureted EEEEight cylinders 11116 valve push rod PPPPiston orientation 90 degree apart HHHHemispherical combustion chamber SSSSingle over head cam design (SOHC)

4. Advantages of V8 IIIIncreased Horsepower due to 8 combustion chambers. IIIIncreased torque due to longer stroke PPPPower conservation: Push rod driven engines do not deplete power as in the belt driven designs. LLLLess complex (SOHC design) HHHHigh packing efficiency compared to inline engine  Carburetor not as fuel efficient as fuel injectors  Heavy  In comparison to other valve trains, push rods are not as efficient.  More emissions Disadvantages of V8

5. Cylinder Block assembly  Typically cast from iron or aluminum  Encases crankshaft, connecting rods, pistons.  Main structural component of engine, responsible for driving flywheel and other components of vehicle.

6. Crankshaft  Comprised of eight counterweights  Converts vertical motion of pistons to circular motion of shaft, which drives the flywheel and eventually the wheels of the vehicle.  Attached to the Flywheel and the timing gear  Connecting rod is fixed to the crankshaft by the main bearing cap.

7. Cylinder head  Encases the camshaft, valves, pushrods, and rocker assembly.  Connected to the intake and exhaust manifold.  Typically cast from iron or aluminum  Together with the head gasket, a seal is formed that allows for high compression

8. Valve train  Composed of valves, camshaft, rocker arms, rocker shafts, pushrods.  Allows engine to “breath” when in sync with crankshaft rotation (responsible for all strokes).

9. Challenges  Timing and firing order  32 valve/rocker/cam connections  Complex cylinder head design  Manufactured pieces inconsistent with model (pieces didn’t fit together)  Cheap plastic model  Dimensions difficult to measure  Model design inconsistent with actual V8 engine design.

10. Working Assembly:

11. Possible Improvements  Spring-less valve trains: Friction losses and spring forces can reduce engine output up to 25%; possible solutions are solenoids and desmodromic valves.  Fuel Injection system: Produces more power than carbureted engine. Also results in better fuel efficiency and less emissions.