1. Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System
Renmin Hospital of Wuhan university Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Luo Ruoyu

2. External genitalia, Vulva
mons pubis
labium majus
labium minus
clitoris
The round ligament terminate at its anterior third;contain sebaceous glands,sweat glands and hair follicles
Be richly supplied with venous plexus and vessels which may produce hematoma
Contain numerous nerve endings
Erection function
Be richly supplied with nerves,which produce sexual excitement

3. vaginal vestibule major vestibular gland hymen urethral orifice
secretes mucus during sexual activity,becomes cysto or abscess when the duct is blocked
varying size and shape,the hymen is usually ruptured at the first sexual experience
congenital imperforate hymen
paraurethral gland,early be infected

4. External genitalia, Vulva

5. internal genitalia vagina uterus fallopian tube, oviduct ovary
uterine adnexa

6. internal genitalia

7. internal genitalia

8. internal genitalia

9. internal genitalia

10. vagina function position and shape structure sex
the way of menstruation
soft birth canal
canal,shorter anterior and longer posterior,enough distensibility
fornix are formed at the top of vagina due to the projection of the uterine cervix,the posterior one is the deepest, and often be used as drainage point
mucous coat muscular layer fibrous coat
mucosa: squamous epithelium, having no glands

11. uterus
function
pregnancy
form menstruation
soft birth canal

12. position and shape
situated in the pelvis between the bladder in front and the rectum behind
inverted-pear-shaped，7cm long，5cm wide，3cm thick，volume 5mL
parts：fundus、body and cervix,its walls are about cm thick ,when pregnancy,the uterus becomes larger,even reach below the xiphoid process
Isthmus (1m)
Histological internal os
Anatomical internal os

13. uterus fundus cavity isthmus body anatomical internal os
histological internal os
cervical canal
supravaginal portion
vagina fornix
external os
portion vaginalis
vagina
coronal section
sagittal section
Different parts of uterus

14. structure ligament endometrium：functional layer and basal layer
body：3 layers muscle fibres
cervix：fibrous connective tissues＋smooth muscle fibres
round ligament
broad ligament
cardinal ligament
utero-sacral ligament

15. fallopian tube, oviduct
function fertilization place
convey to zygote
nutrition zygote
position and shape
paired structions,measuring about 8~14cm long
slender muscular tube,one opening communicating with the lateral angle of the uterus,the lateral part is free
structure
parts：interstitial portion、isthmic portion、ampulla、fimbria

16. ovary function position and shape structures germinal epithelium
reproduction：germ cell maturation,storage and release
endocrine：steroidogenesis
position and shape
oval in shape，volume 4×3×1cm3
structures
germinal epithelium
medulla
cortex

17. histological structures of the ovary
primordial follicles
preantral follicle
germinal epithelium
antral follicle
vasa
mature follicle
corpus albicans
medulla
corpus luteum
ovum
histological structures of the ovary

18. vasa、lymphatics and nerves
uterine arteries：supply uterus and surrounding
notice the relationship between ureter
ovarian veins：pelvic venous congestion syndrome
lymphatics
nerves
vulva：motor nerve and sensory nerve
internal genitalia：sympathetic nerve and
parasympathetic nerve

19. vasa、lymphatics and nerves
uterus
oviduct
ovarian vein
ureter
ovarian artery
cervix
uterine artery
uterine vein
uterine arteriovenous and ovarian artery and vein

20. vasa、lymphatics and nerves

21. vasa、lymphatics and nerves

22. pelvis
function
support trunk
protect viscera
bony birth canal

23. parts bones joints promontory os coccyx os ilium
os sacrum
promontory
os coccyx
os ilium
os coxae(2) os ischium
os publis
joints
public symphysis
sacro-iliac joint
sacro-coccygeal joint

24. ligament
sacrotuberous ligament
sacrospinous ligament

25. pelvis

26. pelvis

27. pelvis

28. pelvis

29. pelvis

30. pelvis boundaries superior border of public symphysis－lliopublic edge－ superior border of promontory，divided the pelvis into
false pelvis (large pelvis)：assess the pelvis preliminarily
true pelvis (small pelvis)：bony birth canal
inlet
true pelvis outlet
cavity

31. types of pelvis gynecoid type platypeloid type anthropoid type
transverse of inlet > anteroposterior
intertuberal diameter > 10cm
platypeloid type
transverse < anteroposterior
anthropoid type
anteroposterior > transverse
android type
funnel-shaped，angle of public arch < 900

32. pelvic floor contain multiple layers of muscle and fascia 3 layers：
perineum ：soft tissue between vaginal orifice
and anus
superficial layer：superficial muscles and fascia
middle layer：superior and inferior fascia and muscles between them
inner layer：pelvic diaphragm，levator ani muscle

33. near organs urethra ：short but straight,about 4～5cm,easy be infected
bladder ：may prolepses in old female,easy be hurt during
operation
ureter ：notice the relationship with uterine arteries
rectum ：may prolepses in old female
appendix ：distinguish with adnexal disease

35. Thanks