1. Global Forum on Gender Statistics JOEncarnacion/26-28January 2009 Republic of the Philippines NATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD 1 Efforts of the Philippine Statistical System on the Compilation of Gender Statistics Global Forum on Gender Statistics 26-28 January 2009, Accra, Ghana By Romulo A. Virola and Jessamyn O. Encarnacion National Statistical Coordination Board

2. Global Forum on Gender Statistics JOEncarnacion/26-28January 2009 Republic of the Philippines NATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD 2 Outline of the Presentation I.Introduction II.The Philippine System of National Accounts III.Efforts on the Measurement of the Contribution of Women in the Economy IV.Estimation Methodology V.Results and Highlights VI.Concluding Remarks and Recommendations

3. Global Forum on Gender Statistics JOEncarnacion/26-28January 2009 Republic of the Philippines NATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD 3 From 2000 to 2003, women accounted for the second largest number of poor population (after the children) I. Introduction Gender differential still remains as an issue in economic participation Economic participation - 80% for men versus 50% for women in 2006 Employment rate - 74% for men versus 46% for women in 2005 Poses a challenge to the country in achieving Goal 3 of the MDGs Magnitude of poor women Poverty Incidence (%) 200012.2 million32.3 200311.6 million29.0

4. Global Forum on Gender Statistics JOEncarnacion/26-28January 2009 Republic of the Philippines NATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD 4 2000 pilot time use survey shows that men are more economically empowered spending longer hours on economic activities than women Gender inequality in economic participation Need for information on womens and mens contribution to the economy I. Introduction

5. Global Forum on Gender Statistics JOEncarnacion/26-28January 2009 Republic of the Philippines NATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD 5 Past efforts on the generation of satellite accounts: a. Measuring The Contribution of Women To The Philippine Economy by Romulo A. Virola and Sylvia M. de Perio (1998) b. Womens Contribution To The Economy by Romulo A. Virola (1999) Renewed calls for the NSCB to value womens unpaid work I. Introduction

6. Global Forum on Gender Statistics JOEncarnacion/26-28January 2009 Republic of the Philippines NATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD 6 The PSNA Framework and Production Boundary II. The PSNA

7. Global Forum on Gender Statistics JOEncarnacion/26-28January 2009 Republic of the Philippines NATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD 7 d.Care, training and instruction of children e.Care of sick, infirm or old and f.Transportation of members of the household or their goods Non-Market Services (unaccounted activities) include the following (from SNA 1993, par. 6.4 ): a.Cleaning, decoration and maintenance of the dwelling unit b.Cleaning, servicing and repair of household durable goods, including vehicles c.Preparation and serving of meals II. The PSNA

8. Global Forum on Gender Statistics JOEncarnacion/26-28January 2009 Republic of the Philippines NATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD 8 Women usually produce the non-market services (unaccounted activities) in their households To adequately measure womens contribution in society: - means expanding the definition of the SNA production boundary to include non-market services II. The PSNA

9. Global Forum on Gender Statistics JOEncarnacion/26-28January 2009 Republic of the Philippines NATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD 9 1.Outside the SNA Production Boundary - non-market services in households 2. Within the SNA Production Boundary a. Women in the entertainment industry b. Women engaged in household operations c. Women engaged in household-based agricultural production Possible underestimation: II. The PSNA

10. Global Forum on Gender Statistics JOEncarnacion/26-28January 2009 Republic of the Philippines NATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD 10 III.Efforts on the Measurement of the Contribution of Women in the Economy 1.Efforts in the International Community

11. Global Forum on Gender Statistics JOEncarnacion/26-28January 2009 Republic of the Philippines NATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD 11 Cont III.Efforts on the Measurement of the Contribution of Women in the Economy

12. Global Forum on Gender Statistics JOEncarnacion/26-28January 2009 Republic of the Philippines NATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD 12 2.Efforts in the Philippine Statistical System a. Measuring The Contribution of Women To The Philippine Economy by Romulo A. Virola and Sylvia M. de Perio (1998) b. Womens Contribution To The Economy by Romulo A. Virola (1999) 3.United Nations Position In the 1993 SNA: domestic and personal services produced for own final consumption within households are still excluded in the estimation of the GDP III.Efforts on the Measurement of the Contribution of Women in the Economy

13. Global Forum on Gender Statistics JOEncarnacion/26-28January 2009 Republic of the Philippines NATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD 13 IV. Estimation Methodology Taking off from the methodology used by Virola and de Perio in 1998 Using updated parameters from the results of the 2000 TUS. a/ Used in the 1998 study of Virola and de Perio b/ Used in this study c/ Details of the original were: 1) rescaled to add up to 24 hours (1 day); and 2) weighted using urban (for Quezon City) and rural (for Batangas) population as weights.

14. Global Forum on Gender Statistics JOEncarnacion/26-28January 2009 Republic of the Philippines NATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD 14 1.GDP by Sex a. Using Total Employment (from LFS) b. Using Total Hours Worked (from LFS) - Data from the LFS was used as weights - Used hours – deemed to be more reflective of the quantity of participation of women or men in the labor force IV. Estimation Methodology

15. Global Forum on Gender Statistics JOEncarnacion/26-28January 2009 Republic of the Philippines NATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD 15 2.NFIA by sex a. Net Compensation - remittances by sex in the SOF was used as weights. b. Net Property Income - allocated equally to men and women due to unavailability of an allocation basis 3.GNP by sex - simply the sum of GDP and NFIA by sex IV. Estimation Methodology

16. Global Forum on Gender Statistics JOEncarnacion/26-28January 2009 Republic of the Philippines NATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD 16 Multiplied by the total number of employed, unemployed and those outside the labor force from the LFS IV. Estimation Methodology

17. Global Forum on Gender Statistics JOEncarnacion/26-28January 2009 Republic of the Philippines NATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD 17 Methods Used in Valuation of Unpaid Work MethodMonetary value used in this study Labor force participation 1. Opportunity Cost (OC) Mean compensation per employee Employed 2. Market Price (MP) Employed Unemployed Not in the labor force Generalist Janitor Specialist N/A Minimum Wage Minimum wage IV. Estimation Methodology

18. Global Forum on Gender Statistics JOEncarnacion/26-28January 2009 Republic of the Philippines NATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD 18 Unpaid household and community services by sex was estimated using the same procedures except total time spent in community services was included Direct estimation of unpaid household was used in computing for the self-valuation results IV. Estimation Methodology

19. Global Forum on Gender Statistics JOEncarnacion/26-28January 2009 Republic of the Philippines NATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD 19 V. Results and Highlights Accounting for Unpaid Work, Conventional GDP Increases by 66.2 Percent!

20. Global Forum on Gender Statistics JOEncarnacion/26-28January 2009 Republic of the Philippines NATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD 20 Womens Contribution to GDP increased by 8 Percentage Points V. Results and Highlights

21. Global Forum on Gender Statistics JOEncarnacion/26-28January 2009 Republic of the Philippines NATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD 21 Women Account for 59.6 Percent of the Total Hours of Unpaid Work! V. Results and Highlights

22. Global Forum on Gender Statistics JOEncarnacion/26-28January 2009 Republic of the Philippines NATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD 22 Women Not in the Labor Force Account for More than Half of the Total Value of Unpaid Work of Women! V. Results and Highlights

23. Global Forum on Gender Statistics JOEncarnacion/26-28January 2009 Republic of the Philippines NATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD 23 Women Accounted for only 27.4 while Men was higher with 72.6 Percent of the Total NFIA! V. Results and Highlights

24. Global Forum on Gender Statistics JOEncarnacion/26-28January 2009 Republic of the Philippines NATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD 24 Women Contributed 46.2 Percent of the Adjusted GNP! V. Results and Highlights

25. Global Forum on Gender Statistics JOEncarnacion/26-28January 2009 Republic of the Philippines NATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD 25 New Estimates of Unpaid Work Almost Doubled! V. Results and Highlights

26. Global Forum on Gender Statistics JOEncarnacion/26-28January 2009 Republic of the Philippines NATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD 26 Unpaid Work is Higher if Self-Valuation is Used! V. Results and Highlights

27. Global Forum on Gender Statistics JOEncarnacion/26-28January 2009 Republic of the Philippines NATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD 27 VI. Concluding remarks and recommendations 1.Methodology needs improvement 2.Data limitations of the PSS 3. Financial and manpower constraints of the NSCB 4. Reports appear to be comparable to other countries 5.Better appreciation from international community will benefit the efforts to value unpaid work in the SNA

28. Global Forum on Gender Statistics JOEncarnacion/26-28January 2009 Republic of the Philippines NATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD 28 6. Users should recognize the benefits from the generation of statistics and it will be helpful if they are able to demonstrate actual policy uses of statistics. 7.Need for statistical capacity building of the producers, users and the providers of statistics. 8.The Government thru the DBM and Congress should realize that statistics will play a the critical role in the global competition among knowledge-based economies in the Third Millennium. VI. Concluding remarks and recommendations

29. Global Forum on Gender Statistics JOEncarnacion/26-28January 2009 Republic of the Philippines NATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD 29 Maraming Salamat po! URL: http://www.nscb.gov.ph e-mail: info@nscb.gov.ph