1. CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION CONTEXT: FARMING SECTOR 6/25/13

2. Summary of Data Sources – Sector/Cluster FGD #MaleFemaleVulnerability Analysis Preparedness and Response Resource Use and Access 35 323111311 Data Summary

3. CVCA – Farming Sector

7. 5 = constant 4 = 1-2 years 3 = 3-4 years

8. CVCA – Farming Sector

14. Preparedness and Response – Effectiveness Coping Adaptation Manual weeding and bird controlUse of improved and drought resistance varieties Seeking Gov’t and NGO supportEarly planting and harvesting Borrowing grain from familyGrowing cash crops Petty tradesApply pesticides and Fertilizers Selling animalsFlood diversion/SWC Feeding livestockMulching and water harvesting Temporary settle around farm landsStore seed and grains Renting land with crops for feed/harvesting to others (Afar) Mobilization of community during ploughing and harvesting land

15. Preparedness and Response – Effectiveness High EffectiveReason  Early planting and harvesting  Fruit farming  Morning and night irrigating  Flood diversion  Drought resistance varieties  Store seed and grains  Proper timing  Reduce risks and maximize income  Increase production  Reduce labor burden  Environmentally safe Least effectiveReason  Selling animals - distressful  Petty trades,  Borrowing grain from relatives  Apply pesticides and Fertilizers  Mechanical weed and pest control  Opportunistic expansion  Unsuitable timing  Creates work burden  Lack of technical know how  Unaffordable  Unsustainable  High cost and low benefit  Undermines land potential

16. Resource Access and Control ActorsLevel of ControlLevel of Trust Men v. womenMen have high controlling power Women have high trust Government v. Community Government has high controlling power Community has high trust Insider v. OutsiderInsiders have high controlling power Insiders have got high trust Traders/Brokers v. community Traders and brokers have high controlling power Community has high trust

17. Farm lands are located in low-lying and along riversides that are prone to floods Eastern and south clusters are similar in hazard type Southern cluster is less affected compared to Afar and Eastern cluster Afar has increased horticulture and fruit production but very limited market access Use of surface irrigation system Use of good adaptation strategies Increased engagement in pastoral areas Private enclosure in arable lands Major Observations