1. Sustainable Waste Management in Cities
Dr Washington Nyabeze

2. Objectives of Presentation
to propose some core indicators that can be used to drive cities towards Sustainable Waste Management
Helps strengthen partnerships and build trust with local communities, regulators, suppliers and customers.
Supports proactive engagement with regulators.
Sharpens management’s ability to assess a facility's positive and negative impacts on the environment and society.
Provides advance warning of potential liabilities and performance problems, and highlights “triple bottom line” opportunities.
Helps a company achieve external value from its environmental management system.
Assist with overall organisational sustainability reporting processes.
Why have indicators?

3. Monitoring and Evaluation
Why do we need Metrics?
Goals and Objectives
Inputs
National
NWMS
Indicators
Resources
Efficiency
Baseline
Activities
Provincial
Gauteng
IWMP
Target
Projects
% Achievement
Priority
Gaps
GDS 2040
IDP
IWMP
Outputs
City of Johannesburg
Measurement
Timeframe
Significance
Risks
Effectiveness
Outcomes
Pikitup
Business Plan
Impacts
Alignment
Clear vision and goals
Better Communication, more informed stakeholders and improved participation
Measurement
Understanding what contributes to vision
Monitoring and Evaluation
Identifying impacts – take corrective action
Identifying limits and opportunities
Identifying emerging risks – implement interventions
Better decison-making, lower risks and costs
Achievement
Demonstrating results!
Continuous Improvement

4. Main challenges in waste management – need to measure and monitor performance
The main challenges in waste management can be found in the following items:
Management of different waste streams and effecting changes at the operational level
Impacts of waste management practices on people and ecosystems (pollution and health)
Waste re-use and disposal (participation, knowledge and technology)
Condition of waste management  infrastructure (people, technology, standards)
Pricing of waste management services, financing of waste management services, prioritisation of revenue
Responses to climate change impacts .

5. Municipal solid waste for the whole of South Africa
1. Management of different waste streams and effecting changes at the operational level
Municipal solid waste for the whole of South Africa
Understanding waste composition informs operational requirements and strategies
Informs technologies and solutions
Impact of strategies can be measured and adjusted
Examples of Indicators
Number of people/households per region
Volume of waste produced at source- tonnes/ month
Volume of waste recycled by destination/type- total volume/tonnes of waste /types of waste/destination

6. 1. Management of different waste streams and effecting changes at the operational level
Waste streams per activity informs strategies, resources and interventions required
(Wet Waste)

7. COJ population growth
Increasing population in confined city area means higher densities and changed urban form
Increased households increase consumption and demand on waste services
Population counts and growth informs operational strategies and effective service delivery – deployment of resources and equipment
Figure 1: City of Johannesburg’s population growth 2001 to 2011 (SA Census 2011).
City of Johannesburg experiencing rapid population growth.
Population as at 2011 is approximately 4,4 million
Population grew by 20.5% between 2001 and 2007 and by 14% between 2007 and 2011
Over the ten year period from 2001 to 2011, COJ Population increased by 37%.

8. 2. Impacts of waste management practices on people and ecosystems (pollution and health)
Informs choice of materials, manufacturing, packaging, waste treatment and disposal methods
Identification of stakeholders
Examples of Indicators
Level of cleanliness
Quality of water
Air quality
Number of unmanaged illegal dumping spots
Condition of waste dumping sites
Condition of waste management  infrastructure (investment, operation and maintenance)
Craddle to Grave - provide pictures of infrastructure used in handling waste from generation, separation, re-use….to disposal
Changing behaviour and consumption patterns - choices
Supply side industry and production

9. 2. Impacts of waste management practices on people and ecosystems (pollution and health)
Visibility of litter/waste impacts citizen perception
Effectiveness of current operations and resources
Informs issues for stakeholder engagement
Number of unmanaged waste dumping sites

10. 2. Impacts of waste management practices on people and ecosystems (pollution and health)
Number of unmanaged waste dumping spots
Condition of waste dumping spots

11. 2. Impacts of waste management practices on people and ecosystems (pollution and health)

12. 3. Waste re-use and disposal (participation, knowledge and technology)
Examples of Indicators
Number of people/households per region participating in recycling
Level of awareness of recycling
Quantity of waste re-used/recycled
Quantity of gas produced
Quantity of waste disposed at landfill
Volumes of gas produced
Tonnes of waste recycled
Separation at Source
Materials Recovery Facility

13. 3. Waste re-use and disposal (participation, knowledge and technology)

14. Waste Tonnages Collected and Disposed
Waste collected (tonnes)
Activity
2009/10
2010/11
2011/12
2012/13
2013/14
Collected RCR
527,766
691,367
662,883
651,607
646,019
Illegal Dumping
124,278
138,369
259,894
211,228
229,709
Dailies
6,517
2,854
5,564
15,149
17,943
Informal Area
15,728
19,415
24,754
29,126
29,629
Bulk Containers
536
2,600
16,466
43,832
52,159
Street Cleaning
24,895
23,903
66,077
81,685
87,135
Other
366
4,121
2,348
3,426
Garden Waste
60,498
58,349
125,057
118,563
132,110
Waste Collected and Disposed by Pikitup Total
760,218
937,223
1,164,817
1,153,539
1,198,955
Landfill Disposed
1,299,920
1,352,269
1,457,093
1,306,402
1,498,980
Difference (tons)
539,702
415,046
292,275
152,863
300,025
% Difference
41%
30%
20%
11%
25%
Waste collected – Annual increase/decrease (%)
Activity
2010/11
2011/12
2012/13
2013/14
Waste Collected and Disposed by Pikitup Total
23%
24%
-1% 4%
Landfill Disposed 8%
-10%
15%

15. 3. Waste re-use and disposal (participation, knowledge and technology)
Volume of gas produced
Tonnes of waste recycled

16. 4. Condition of waste management  infrastructure (people, technology, standards)
Examples of Indicators
Number of people participating in recycling initiatives
Effectiveness of technology and functioning status
Distance to waste handling sites (Landfill/garden sites/incinerator)
Number of waste recycling facilities
Condition of landfill and remaining airspace

17. Conditions of Landfill Sites
Goudkoppies
Robinson Deep
Marie Louise
Ennerdale

18. 5. Pricing of waste management services, financing of waste management services, prioritisation of revenue
How are waste services actually financed?
Property rates
Service charges
Government operating grant
Subsidy from COJ
Challenges for Johannesburg
Payment for street cleaning
Payment for illegal dumping
Land fill charges
Polluter pays principle: Opportunities for Johannesburg
Recyclable materials have a value
Pricing of recyclable materials
Recycling industry is growing
Examples of Indicators
OPEX/CAPEX
Budget allocation per activity
Number of people involved per activity

19. 6. Responses to climate change impacts
Examples of Indicators
Climate change strategy actions
Demand side management
Quantity of waste strewn in public areas (garbage counts)
A number of environmental challenges that is likely to be aggravated as the economy grows if natural resources are not properly managed and protected. These include:
poor air quality with adverse impacts on society;
greenhouse gases contribute to climate Change;
inappropriate land-use resulting in land degradation;
biodiversity loss and damage to terrestrial ecosystems;
deteriorating water quality with severe impacts for South Africa as a water stressed nation; and
increasing levels of solid waste generation comparable to many developed countries.

20. Landfills: Management of airspace availability
Typical Landfill Airspace (as at Feb 2015)
Landfill
Geographical area
Years left
Marie Louise
West 6
Ennerdale
South 13
Robinson deep
Central 7
Goudkoppies 15
Average 9
Note: - No City managed landfills in the North of the City

21. It’s not all about reporting…
Sustainable Waste Management in Cities
Why have indicators?
It’s not all about reporting…
It’s about changing management and business practices
“We cannot manage what we cannot measure”
“We cannot measure something
what we cannot define”
“What gets communicated, gets understood” 21

22. Thank You