1. Cell Energetics: Photosynthesis & Respiration

2. Carbon Carbon forms millions of compounds, both simple and complex All living things contain carbon Living things cycle carbon from the air (inorganic gas form) to the solid form (organic) and back to the air Light from the sun provides the energy for photosynthesis, the process of making organic compounds such as sugar The sun’s energy is stored the chemical bonds of sugars and other carbohydrates Carbohydrates are used by most living things to provide energy for LIVING

3. What is the Global Carbon Cycle? The movement of carbon between the atmosphere, soil, ocean, living things, and fossil fuels Carbon exists primarily as: - Gas, carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), in Earth’s atmosphere - Organic carbon in living and dead organisms. Atmospheric carbon is constantly recycled, mostly by green plants and algae, to produce oxygen

4. The Global Carbon Cycle CO 2 & other greenhouse gases Dissolved carbon Fossil fuel Green plants Algae & cyanobacteria Emissions from burning fossil fuel respiration Photosynthesis

5. Photosynthesis and Respiration in the Global Carbon Cycle Carbohydrates & Oxygen Carbon dioxide & Water Photosynthesis Respiration Creates stored Energy-ATP

6. A few types of organisms do not need sunlight and photosynthesis as a source of energy. Some organisms live in places that never get sunlight. In chemosynthesis, chemical energy is used to build carbon-based molecules. –similar to photosynthesis –uses chemical energy instead of light energy –occurs where light cannot penetrate-deep ocean Biology-McDougal Littell 2008

7. A cell has some remarkable organelles!!! Is this plant or animal? Chloroplasts Mitochondrion Nucleus

8. Super Fun Activity! Compare and contrast the structure and function of a chloroplast and a mitochondrion –Make a poster –Make a PowerPoint –Make a podcast –Make a storybook –Make a 3D model with explanation MC.3.B.1

9. The Chloroplast is Remarkable Organelle Stroma Thylakoid Stroma = space/matrix inside the chloroplast where carbohydrate is synthesized Thylakoid = structures with chlorophyll and light reaction center

10. The Basic Process of Photosynthesis CO 2 + H 2 O[CH 2 O] + O 2 carbon dioxidewatercarbohydratesoxygen light energy

11. The Light Reactions- Light Dependent The Dark Reactions- Light Independent Photosynthesis in chloroplast is divided into…

12. The Light Reactions- Light Dependent The Dark Reactions- Light Independent MUST occur in the presence of light CAN occur in the presence of light, but works better in the dark

13. Keeping track of the oxygen atom in photosynthesis CO 2 + H 2 O[CH 2 O] + O 2 carbon dioxidewatercarbohydratesoxygen light energy Cornelius van Niel (1897-1985) Standford University Used radioactive-labeled oxygen in water and unlabeled carbon dioxide in photosynthesis experiments Found that oxygen gas produced comes from water Postulated that the oxygen atom in carbohydrates must be from carbon dioxide

14. The Light Reactions The Dark Reactions ADPNADP + NADPH CarbohydratesCO 2 + H 2 O H2OH2OO2O2 ATP MC.3.B.4

15. Where do the reactions happen inside the chloroplast? Light reaction Dark reaction H2OH2O O2O2 CO 2 Carbohydrates Light reaction occurs on thylakoid membranes Dark reaction occurs in the stroma MC.3.B.4

16. Frameworks Strand: Molecules and Cells Standard 3: Students shall demonstrate an understanding of how cells obtain and use energy (energetics). MC.3.B.1Compare and contrast the structure and function of mitochondria and chloroplasts MC.3.B.2 Describe and model the conversion of stored energy in organic molecules into usable cellular energy (ATP):  glycolysis  citric acid cycle  electron transport chain MC.3.B.3 Compare and contrast aerobic and anaerobic respiration:  lactic acid fermentation  alcoholic fermentation MC.3.B.4 Describe and model the conversion of light energy to chemical energy by photosynthetic organisms:  light dependent reactions  light independent reactions MC.3.B.5 Compare and contrast cellular respiration and photosynthesis as energy conversion pathways