1. Invitation to Computer Science 5th Edition
Chapter 14
Electronic Commerce and Databases

2. Objectives In this chapter, you will learn about: E-commerce Databases
Invitation to Computer Science, 5th Edition

3. Introduction E-commerce world E-business
Financial transactions are conducted by electronic means
E-business
Orders are processed, credit is verified, transactions are completed, debits are issued, shipping is alerted, and inventory is reduced, all electronically
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4. E-Commerce Do you want to: Broaden your customer base?
Recapture customers you are losing to competitors with online stores?
Better serve your existing customer base?
Better integrate departments/functions within your existing business?
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5. The Vision Thing Risks involved with moving into e-commerce
Will you just move your in-store customers online and achieve no overall gain?
When you expose yourself to online competition, will you have something unique to offer?
Does your existing customer base need or want anything that you don’t or can’t provide in your traditional business environment?
Are the employees in your Shipping and Accounting departments in agreement with this idea?
Invitation to Computer Science, 5th Edition

6. The Vision Thing (continued)
Costs involved
Do you have all the necessary hardware (computers), software, and infrastructure (network connectivity) to host a business Web site?
Do you have the personnel and skills you need to build and maintain a Web site?
Do you know the potential costs of diverting resources away from your existing traditional business?
Invitation to Computer Science, 5th Edition

7. Decisions, Decisions First major decision
Choose between in-house development and outsourcing
Are you going to use your existing staff to develop this e-business
Will you lease space on someone else’s commercial Web server
Invitation to Computer Science, 5th Edition

8. Anatomy of a Transaction
Goals
Draw potential customers to your site
Keep them there
Set up optimum conditions for them to complete a purchase
Invitation to Computer Science, 5th Edition

9. Figure 14.1 A Typical Online Transaction in Nine Steps
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10. Step 1: Getting There How does your potential customer learn your URL?
Conventional advertising
Obvious domain name
Search engine
Portal
Invitation to Computer Science, 5th Edition

11. Step 2: Do I Know You? Cookie Stateless
Small text file that Web server sends to user’s browser that gets stored on the user’s hard drive
Stateless
No information about the exchange is permanently retained by the server
Invitation to Computer Science, 5th Edition

12. Step 3: Committing to an Online Purchase
Encryption
Encodes data to be transmitted into a scrambled form
Authentication
Process of verifying the identity of the receiver of the data
Spoofing
Practice of impersonating a legitimate site for the purposes of stealing money or stealing identity
Invitation to Computer Science, 5th Edition

13. Steps 4 and 5: Payment Processing
Figure 14.2 Secure Site Assurance
Invitation to Computer Science, 5th Edition

14. Steps 6–9: Order Fulfillment
Once customer’s credit is approved, order entry system must alert inventory system
Step 7
Contact shipping system
Step 8
Shipping system works with the shipping company
Step 9
Pick up and deliver the purchase to the customer
Invitation to Computer Science, 5th Edition

15. Designing Your Web Site
Taxonomy
How information is classified and organized so customers can easily find what they want
Site map or a navigation bar
Can provide a high-level overview of your site architecture
CRM (customer relationship management) strategy
Improve customer satisfaction
Build customer relationships
Bring people back to your Web site time and time again
Invitation to Computer Science, 5th Edition

16. Behind the Scenes Middleware Disaster recovery strategy
Software that allows separate, existing programs to communicate and work together seamlessly
Disaster recovery strategy
What are your plans for backing up critical data?
What is your plan to keep your online business open even when your server fails?
What will you do if a hacker breaks into your Web site and steals customer information?
Invitation to Computer Science, 5th Edition

17. Databases Bit Fields Record Most basic unit of data
Combined into groups of eight called bytes
Fields
Group of bytes
Record
Collection of related fields
Invitation to Computer Science, 5th Edition

18. Databases (continued)
Data file
Stores related records
Database
Made up of related files
Invitation to Computer Science, 5th Edition

19. Figure 14.3 Data Organization Hierarchy
Invitation to Computer Science, 5th Edition

20. Figure 14.4 Records and Fields in a Single File
Invitation to Computer Science, 5th Edition

21. Figure 14.5 One Record in the Rugs-For-You Employees File
Invitation to Computer Science, 5th Edition

22. Database Management Systems
Manage the files in a database
Entity
Fundamental distinguishable component
Attribute
Category of information
Primary key
Attribute or combination of attributes that uniquely identifies a tuple
Invitation to Computer Science, 5th Edition

23. Figure 14.6 Employees Table for Rugs-For-You
Invitation to Computer Science, 5th Edition

24. Database Management Systems (continued)
Query languages
Enable user or another application program to query the database, in order to retrieve information
Composite primary key
Needed to identify a tuple uniquely
Foreign key
Key from another table that refers to a specific key, usually the primary key
Invitation to Computer Science, 5th Edition

25. Figure 14.7 Insurance Policies Table for Rugs-For-You
Invitation to Computer Science, 5th Edition

26. Figure 14.8 Three Entities in the Rugs-For-You Database
Invitation to Computer Science, 5th Edition

27. Other Considerations Performance issues
Affect the user’s satisfaction with a database management system
To significantly reduce access time:
Create additional records to be stored along with the file
Distributed databases
Allow the physical data to reside at separate and independent locations that are electronically networked together
Invitation to Computer Science, 5th Edition

28. Summary E-business Opening an online store Database
Every part of a financial transaction is handled electronically
Opening an online store
Requires a significant amount of planning
Database
Allows data items to be stored, extracted, sorted, and manipulated
Relational database model
Conceptual model of a file as a two-dimensional table
Invitation to Computer Science, 5th Edition