1. Chapter 2: Alkanes

2. Alkanes from Carbon and Hydrogen
Alkanes are carbon compounds that contain only single bonds.
The simplest alkanes are hydrocarbons – compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen.
Hydrocarbons are used mainly as fuels, solvents and lubricants:

3. Hydrocarbons

4. Hydrocarbons

5. Hydrocarbons

6. Hydrocarbons

7. Hydrocarbons

8. IUPAC System of Naming Organic Compounds

9. IUPAC System of Naming Organic Compounds

10. Naming Branches as “Groups”

11. Naming Branches as “Groups”

12. Structural Isomers
How many structural isomers – compounds with the same chemical formula but different connectivity – are there with the formula C7H16?

13. Structural Isomers
How many structural isomers – compounds with the same chemical formula but different connectivity – are there with the formula C7H16?

14. Methyl and Ethyl Compounds

15. Methyl and Ethyl Compounds

16. Propyl Compounds

17. Structural Isomers of C7H16
Cycloheptane contains two fewer hydrogens than heptane. They are not structural isomers.

18. Cycloalkanes

19. Naming Cycloalkanes
Unlike "floppy" chains, rings have an additional consideration for multiple substitutions:
The above compounds are not structural isomers. Their connectivity is identical. They are stereoisomers – compounds that differ in how substituents are arranged in space

20. Naming Cycloalkanes

21. Naming Cycloalkanes

22. 3-Dimensional Structure/VSEPR Theory

23. 3-Dimensional Structure

24. 3-Dimensional Structure

25. 3-Dimensional Structure
Molecules that differ by only rotations around single bonds are conformational Isomers.

26. 3-Dimensional Structure
How can these molecular shapes arise from bonding between the available orbitals?

27. Hybridization

28. Hybridization

29. Hybridization