1. Struggle for Civil Rights
CHAPTER 15
4/22/2017
CHAPTER 15
Struggle for Civil Rights
Section 1: Citizenship and Immigration
Section 2: Diversity and Equal Protection
Section 3: Struggle for Civil Rights
Section 4: Civil Rights Laws
Struggle for Civil Rights

2. Section 1: Citizenship and Immigration
Objectives:
What are the responsibilities of citizenship?
In what two ways may a person become a U.S. citizen by birth?
How does an immigrant become a U.S. citizen?

3. Section 1: Citizenship and Immigration
Examples of the responsibilities of citizenship:
understanding and obeying the law
respecting the rights of others
paying taxes
voting
participating in public service

4. Section 1: Citizenship and Immigration
Two ways a person may become a U.S. citizen by birth:
jus sanguinis—being born to parents who are U.S. citizens
jus soli—being born in the U.S. or a U.S. territory

5. Section 1: Citizenship and Immigration
An immigrant becomes a U.S. citizen through naturalization.

6. Section 2: Diversity and Equal Protection
Objectives:
How has U.S. immigration policy changed over time?
In what ways is the United States an ethnically diverse country?
What are the benefits and challenges of diversity in the United States?

7. Section 2: Diversity and Equal Protection
Changes in U.S. immigration policy over time:
unrestricted until the late 1800s
tight restrictions from the late 1800s to World War II
relaxed restrictions following World War II
growing restrictions on illegal immigration in the 1980s and 1990s

8. Section 2: Diversity and Equal Protection
Ways the United States is an ethnically diverse country:
populated with people with different heritages
retains cultural traditions from various ethnic groups

9. Section 2: Diversity and Equal Protection
Benefits of diversity in the United States:
enriches lives
encourages creativity in society
Challenges of diversity
prejudice
discrimination

10. Section 3: Struggle for Civil Rights
Objectives:
What two tests do federal courts use to determine whether laws respect the Equal Protection Clause?
How did the Equal Protection Clause help the civil rights movement fight government discrimination?

11. Section 3: Struggle for Civil Rights
Two tests the federal courts use to determine whether laws respect the Equal Protection Clause:
rational basis test
strict scrutiny test

12. Section 3: Struggle for Civil Rights
The Equal Protection Clause helped the civil rights movement fight government discrimination by proving that policies based on the separate-but-equal doctrine were unconstitutional.

13. Section 4: Civil Rights Laws
Objectives:
How have civil rights laws protected the rights of African Americans?
How have civil rights protections been extended to other minority groups?

14. Section 4: Civil Rights Laws
How civil rights laws have protected the rights of African Americans:
made segregation in public places illegal
prohibited discrimination by employers or administrators of any federally funded program
secured voting rights
provided protection from discrimination in the workplace
prohibited discrimination in the advertising, financing, sale, and rental of housing

15. Section 4: Civil Rights Laws
Civil rights laws prohibiting discrimination based on race, national origin, religion, or sex applied and were extended to other minority groups, such as Hispanic and Asian Americans, American Indians, people with disabilities, and women.

16. Chapter Wrap-Up
1. In what three ways may a person become a U.S. citizen? How can a person lose U.S. citizenship?
2. Describe U.S. immigration policy during the United States’s first 100 years as a nation. How has immigration policy changed since then?
3. What benefits and challenges does diversity present?

17. Chapter Wrap-Up
4. What guidelines do courts use to determine whether government laws violate the Equal Protection Clause?
5. What role does the Equal Protection Clause play in protecting the civil rights of African Americans?
6. Why were civil rights laws of the 1950s and 1960s more successful than earlier civil rights laws? What groups besides African Americans do civil rights laws protect?