1. Lesson Objectives By the end of this lesson you will be able to: 1.Describe the terms batch, online and real time processing 2.Give examples of each type of processing

2. Types of Processing Data is processed by computers in a number of different ways. These are called: Batch Processing Online Processing Real-Time Processing

3. Batch Processing This is used when a job needs to be carried out in one go rather than a number of steps. It usually involves lots of data being processed. For example to calculate the pay for 10,000 employees – the calculations we do for each employee are very similar. In cases like this, we can prepare the data into a set or 'batch‘ and hand it over to the computer to be processed in one go.

4. Batch Processing Once we have prepared the batch of data, no user input is required - the computer works its way through the data automatically. An advantage of this is that the processing can occur when the computer is not being used for anything else (e.g. at night). The job can be set up, people can go home, and when they return the next morning the work would be done. Typical applications where batch-processing can be used: – Payroll processing – Producing monthly bank or credit card statements – Updating a stock database

5. Online Processing With online processing, the system is automatically updated when a change, called a transaction, takes place. This results in the system always containing up-to-date information. For example, an airline booking system would use online processing because, as seats are sold, the number of seats available is reduced to prevent double bookings. Seats are reserved on the system whilst a customer is making the booking. Once the seat purchase is finalised the files are then updated to state they are no longer available. Other examples include: – Ordering goods over the Internet – Withdrawing money from an ATM

6. Real-Time Processing This is an example of online processing and is used where it is vital for the results of processing to be obtained immediately without any delay. These are often used for control systems and any type of monitoring system. Some examples are: – Flood warning systems – Hospital patient monitoring – Traffic light control – Computer games

7. In Pairs… Your teacher will allocate you and your partner a topic. Each topic will look at how ICT is used and the impact it has had on work related life in a variety of professions. Your task is to create an Information Sheet on your topic including as much information as possible. These will then be collated together to produce an information booklet for you and the rest of your group. You have the rest of this lesson and next lesson to complete your information sheet. Use both the textbook and the igcse website to help you.

8. The Information Sheet Create your information sheet in Word It must be no longer than 2 sides of A4 It must cover all the required content Use font Calibri, size 16, bold and underline for the main heading Use font Calibri, size 14, bold for subheadings Use font Calibri, size 12 for the rest of the text Add pictures where possible

9. The impact of ICT on work life Communication applications (the internet, email, fax, electronic conferencing, mobile telephones and internet telephony services) Applications for publicity and corporate image publications (business cards, letterheads, flyers and brochures) Applications in manufacturing industries (robotics in manufacture and production line control) Applications for finance departments (billing systems, stock control and payroll) School management systems (including registration, records and reports) Booking systems (such as those in the travel industry, the theatre and cinemas) Applications in banking (including Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT), ATMs for cash withdrawals and bill paying, credit/debit cards, cheque clearing, phone banking, internet banking) Applications in medicine (including doctors’ information systems, hospital and pharmacy records, monitoring and expert systems for diagnosis Applications in libraries (such as records of books and borrowers and the issue of books) The use of expert systems (for example in mineral prospecting, car engine fault diagnosis, medical diagnosis, chess games) Applications in the retail industry (stock control, POS, EFTPOS, internet shopping, automatic reordering)

10. Plenary - Questions What is batch processing? Give an example of when this can be used. What is the difference between online and real- time processing? Give an example of when online processing can be used. Give an example of when real-time processing can be used.