1. NAJMA ADAM DOW UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES
LECTURER OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY
Institute of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
School of Occupational Therapy
DOW UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES

2. HELPING PEOPLE TO HELP THEMSELVES
Occupational Therapy
HELPING PEOPLE TO HELP THEMSELVES

3. Occupational Therapy Interventions
Increase and maintain independence in activities of daily living (ADL’s)
Increase mobility & co-ordination
Caregiver education
Organized environment
Energy conservation
Adaptive Equipment
Increase dexterity & fine motor coordination

4. Activities of Daily Living (ADL’s)
Basic ADL’s
Instrumental ADL’s
Self care
Feeding
Grooming
Dressing
Bathing
Personal hygiene
Toileting
Interaction with physical environment
Putting things away & getting things out of the closet
Telephoning
Written communication
Using paper money, checks or coins
Using books, newspapers & entertainment equipments
Using public/private transportation
Leisure activities

5. Dressing: Warm & light room.
Firm seat with both feet on the floor with back supported
Clothing:
Easy to handle.
Light weight
warm /stretchy fabrics
Easily laundered
Cotton – or cotton – polyester
Wide openings
Non-iron and dip-dry fabrics.
Aids: Elastic laces Shoe horn Slipper – socks

6. Eating : Eating : Begin meal slightly ahead
of the rest of his family Eat little and often
One course of main meal at
midday
2nd course on the evening
Half filled mug(tremor
Aids:
Padded /light weight cutlery
Plate guards
Non slip mats
Weighted bracelets (not too heavy)
Mugs & cups with two enlarged handles

7. Bathing:

8. Correct positioning. Correct positioning.
It may be useful to reduce the distance between the hands and mouth e.g. raising the table or plate, or by positioning the patient so that his elbows can be used as a pivot in order to assist hand movement

9. Home Safety and Management
Beds:
Firm mattress
Grab rail by the bed
Night light luminous
Alarm clock
Light left on in the hallway

10. Home Safety and Management
Even floor.
Non-slip polishes
Grab rails e.g. bath, toilet, steps.
Plan but flexible routine will help to conserve energy.
Carrying aids:
Net bag clipped to the walking frame.
Trolley or an apron with large pockets all reduce the danger of tripping
Alarm system
Telephone

11. Writing:

12. Writing aids: Padded pens Writing board
Roller ball pen (easier than fountain or ball point pen).

14. Family support for the patient
Social Activities
work

15. Physical Therapy Interventions
Exercises
ROM
Stretching
Active
Weight shifting
Transfer
Posture & Balance
Treadmill training
Cycling
Walking
Strength & Flexibility

16. Mobility & Co-ordination
Aim
Gait
Balance
Transfers

17. 1. Gait: Gait: Rx Aim: To improve size & rhythm of the walking pattern
Large; rhythmical bilateral non-resisted movements Walking
Practice using foot outlines lines marked on the floor at paced intervals are all suitable.
Activities which encourage walking should be under supervision.

18. Initiating Movement Rocking motion with verbal stimulus
“one, two, three go!”
Counting,
Marching,
Music, or rhythmic encouragement
‘step and step and ….’
One step backward before attempting to walk forward.
Auditory & visual stimuli (received when climbing up stairs often makes this activity easier than walking on level ground).

19. 2. Balance:- Balance:- Initially Work at a balance table. Mirror Later
Encourage side flexion and rotation.
Encouraged to bend and stoop, such as gardening and skittles.
Wedged shoes
Leather soled shoes
Weighted clothing.
Raised chairs /beds.
Inclined seats reduces the risk of over balancing when rising.

20. 3.Transfers: 3.Transfers: Stable & firm surface.
A firm wedged cushion or rocking motion for rising from sitting.
Raise the back legs of a chair slightly.
Steady high chair with arm rest.

21. Speech Therapy Intervention
Swallowing disorders
Cognitive changes

22. Alternative Therapies
Music Therapy
Dance
Tai Chi
Cognitive Challenges
Daily Exercise
Vitamin/Mineral Supplements
ALWAYS CHECK WITH YOUR DOCTOR BEFORE BEGINNING

23. TAKE HOME MESSAGE
Be a fighter and never lose hope

24. Thank you