2.  Obesity defined  Often difficult to define childhood obesity › Based on percentile norms  Above 95 th percentile is obese  More than 16% children ages 6-19 are overweight or obese –over 9 million children  Most prevalent in Hispanic and African- American populations

3.  Negative physical effects › Leads to lifelong obesity › Diabetes (2-in-5 for girls; 1-in-3 for boys) › Heart Disease—leading cause of death in adults (61% have risk factor) › Joint disease › Irregular menstrual cycle › Stroke › Gall stones › Gout › Sleep apnea › Cancer › Body tissue damage and structural deformities

4.  Negative psychological effects › Feelings of inadequacy › Low self esteem › Embarrassment › Behavior and Learning Problems  Affects jobs and relationships

5.  Diet  Genetics › Overweight parent  Inactivity  Psychological Factors  Socioeconomic Factors  “No Child Left Behind”

6.  <7, maintenance instead of weight loss  >7, weight loss is recommended  For extreme cases ONLY: › Medications  Sibutramine (Meridia)—ages 16+  Orlistat (Xenical)—ages 12+ › Weight loss surgery  PREVENTION! › Involves parents, teachers and the community.

7.  Breastfeeding  Dinner table etiquette › “You must finish your veggies if you want dessert” › “You have to finish your plate before you may leave the table”  Schedule yearly checkups  Lead by example › Parents should play with their kids › Control portions

8.  Elementary school recess › Provided regardless of grade level › At least 30 minutes a day › Multiple sessions  Extracurricular Physical Activity  Active Classrooms › GEAR Program (Getting Energized and Recharged)

9.  South Carolina schools, 2003 › Student Health and Fitness Act of 2005  PE and PA regulation  School nurses  Nutrition standards for food served  Shape up Sommerville › Funded by CDC › Targets 1 st through 3 rd graders (46% overweight or obese) › Resulted in reduction of weight gain  Buffalo Bend Elementary School › Fun Club

10.  As future Health & Physical Education teachers, we must ensure that our students are participating in a sufficient amount of Physical Activity and also ensure that they are informed about the importance of healthy eating habits.  We have a social responsibility to effect a positive change in the health of children.  Look for ways to become involved and promote good health in the next generation.

12. Mayo Clinic Staff, (2008, March 28). Childhood Obesity. Retrieved November 9, 2008, from MayoClinic.com Web site: http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/childhood-obesity/DS00698 http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/childhood-obesity/DS00698 Nye, Susan B. (2008).Fun club: a physical activity program for elementary schools. The Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance. 79, 36-38, 44. Kahan, David (2008).Recess, extracurricular activities, and active classrooms: means for increasing elementary school students' physical activity. The Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance. 79, 26-31. Ginn, Jennifer (2007, November). Combating childhood obesity. Trends in America, Retrieved November 7, 2008, from http://www.trendsinamerica.org Brown, Pei-San, John A. Sutterby, and Candra D. Thornton Combating childhood obesitywith physical play opportunities. Retrieved November 9, 2008, Web site: http://www.ptotoday.com/pto-today-articles/article/67-combating- childhood-obesity-with-physical-play-opportunitieshttp://www.ptotoday.com/pto-today-articles/article/67-combating- childhood-obesity-with-physical-play-opportunities (2008, October 15). Obesity. Retrieved November 9, 2008, from The Regents of the University of California Web site: http://www.ucsfhealth.org/childrens/medical_services/hdisorder/obesity/pr evention.html