1. CLIMATE CHANGE AND HUMAN HEALTH AT LOCAL LEVEL Mgr. Zuzana Klocháňová Department of Public Health Internal Phd student University of Trnava, Faculty of Health Care and Social Work

2. CLIMATE CHANGE Statistically significant variation in either the mean state of the climate or in its variability (>30 years) Statistically significant variation in either the mean state of the climate or in its variability (>30 years) changes in average temperature, precipitation, extreme weather events and sea level IPCC. 2001. Glossary of Terms. [online] Available at: http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/glossary/tar-ipcc-terms-en.pdf [quoted 12.11.2008]http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/glossary/tar-ipcc-terms-en.pdf Negative health effects Negative health effects Reversible human activities Reversible human activities traffic, industry, agriculture, energy production Greenhouse gas emissions – CO 2 (>30%) Greenhouse gas emissions – CO 2 (>30%)

3. MAIN OBJECTIVE To evaluate how Trnava can mitigate the climate change and its impact on human health, contributing to better health of its residents To evaluate how Trnava can mitigate the climate change and its impact on human health by the decisions of the city’s politicians, contributing to better health of its residents

4. METHODS City Trnava (February – March 2008) City Trnava (February – March 2008) Respondents selected according to their membership in city council commissions: Respondents selected according to their membership in city council commissions: Commission for Environment and Natural Values (9 members) Social and Health Commission (9 members) 100% response rate 100% response rate

5. METHODS OBSERVATION Behavior of respondents during the research Behavior of respondents during the research QUESTIONNAIRE Demography, Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice Demography, Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice INTERVIEW Knowledge, Practice Knowledge, Practice Standardized, Recorded (Signed agreement) Standardized, Recorded (Signed agreement) Qualitative data analysis Qualitative data analysis (MS Office Excel 2003, ATLAS.ti 5.2)

6. METHODS Model KAP Knowledge – Attitude - Practice Model DPSEEA Driving Forces – Pressures – State – Exposure – Effects – Actions

7. RESULTS - DEMOGRAPHY AGE: mean = 56 years U TOM L U = University degree L = Lower education T = Technical Profession M = Medical Profession O = Other

8. RESULTS - OBSERVATION From 9 calm respondents From 9 calm respondents 8 kindly co-operated From 6 respondents in time pressure From 6 respondents in time pressure 2 kindly co-operated From 3 nervous respondents From 3 nervous respondents 3 kindly co-operated

9. RESULTS – KNOWLEDGE CC is change of average weather (12 R) CC is change of average weather (12 R) CC are caused by GHG (12 R) CC are caused by GHG (12 R) Main sources of GHG in Trnava are (15 R) Main sources of GHG in Trnava are traffic and industry (15 R) (human, fauna, flora) will be affected by CC (18 R) Vulnerable populations (human, fauna, flora) will be affected by CC (18 R) are mostly caused by CC (11 R) Heat-related diseases are mostly caused by CC (11 R) Health of Trnava citizens will be affected by CC, (10 R) Health of Trnava citizens will be affected by CC, but respondents do not know to explain it (10 R) Globally and locally, CC can be mitigated by (8 and 7 R) Globally and locally, CC can be mitigated by good city infrastructure (8 and 7 R) CC= Climate Change GHG= Greenhouse gases R= Respondent

10. RESULTS – ATTITUDES Globally and locally, (16 and 11 R) Globally and locally, we can change our lifestyle (16 and 11 R) Globally we can reduce GHG, (11 and 7 R) Globally we can reduce GHG, but not locally (11 and 7 R) Globally and locally, we can adapt to CC (15 and 14R) and it is important to help countries strongly affected by CC (18 R) Globally and locally, we can adapt to CC (15 and 14R) and it is important to help countries strongly affected by CC (18 R) (11 R) Citizens of Trnava will not be strongly affected by CC (11 R) Research, monitoring, legislative and education can mitigate CC (18 R) and (14 R) Research, monitoring, legislative and education can mitigate CC (18 R) and it is responsibility of Trnava (14 R) CC= Climate Change GHG= Greenhouse gases R= Respondent

11. RESULTS – PRACTICE Trnava (2 R) Trnava does not monitor GHG emissions (2 R) Trnava mitigates CC by building (11 R), by using (6 R), by monitoring in local industry (4 R) and by legislation, education and fees for households (6 R), (2 R) Trnava mitigates CC by building road junctions (11 R), by using atomic energy (6 R), by monitoring in local industry (4 R) and by legislation, education and fees for households (6 R), but does not focus on agriculture (2 R) Trnava mitigates GHG emissions by Trnava mitigates GHG emissions by investments into city „green lines“ CC= Climate Change GHG= Greenhouse gases R= Respondent

12. RESULTS SK - DK CC mitigation by CC mitigation by good city infrastructure Research, monitoring, legislative and education Research, monitoring, legislative and education IS responsibility of Trnava to mitigate CC road junctions to mitigate CC CC mitigation by CC mitigation by using renewable energy Research, monitoring, legislative and education Research, monitoring, legislative and education IS NOT responsibility of Esbjerg to mitigate CC free energy saving light bulbs to mitigate CC CC = Climate Change

13. CONCLUSION Good knowledge about CC definition and its health impact Good knowledge about CC definition and its health impact Low knowledge about mitigation of CC and its health impact Strong attitude to mitigate CC and to protect human health GLOBALLY Strong attitude to mitigate CC and to protect human health GLOBALLY Weak attitude to mitigate CC and to protect human health LOCALLY

14. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!