1. CSE 101 Spring 2000 Hardware (Bits & Bytes)

2. Understanding the Machine Data versus Information  Data are raw facts  Information is the result of transforming/examining raw facts  One important function of computers is to transform data into information

3. The “Basic” Computer There are 4 basic parts of every computer Input (input device = keyboard, mouse, microphone, etc.) Processor (CPU = PentiumII, etc.) Memory or Storage (64 MB RAM; 6 GB HD, etc) Output (output device = screen, printers, speakers, etc.)

4. Harware vs. Software Hardware refers to the physical components of the computer Software refers to programs run on the computer

5. Measuring Your Data Bit: The smallest measurement in a computer. A bit is either a 1 or a 0. Byte: A group of 8 bits representing a character or number

6. Measuring Your Data Binary Numbers 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 000=0100=4 001=1101=5 010=2110=6 011=3111=7etc.

7. Measuring Your Data Binary Letters 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 01000001=A 01000010=B 01000011=C etc...

8. Measuring Your Data Kilobyte (KB):1,000 bytes Megabyte (MB):1 million bytes Gigabyte (GB): 1 billion bytes Terabyte (TB):1 Trillion bytes

9. Types of Computers Digital Computers Analog Computers Hybrid Computers Special Purpose Computers  firmware  embeded

10. Types of Computers Personal Computers (PC)  Often times called microcomputers Minicomputers Mainframes Supercomputer Parallel Computing

11. Types of Computers Desktop Laptop Notebook Subnotebook Handheld PC or Palmtop  Often Called a PDA

12. Input Devices Keyboard Mouse, Trackball, Graphics Tablet, Light Pen Scanner Digital Cameras Microphone

13. Output Devices Printers  InkJet  LaserJet  Thermal Plotters  Pen  InkJet  LaserJet

14. Output Devices Monitors  CRT (Cathode Ray Tube)  LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) Speakers

15. Non-Volatile Memory (Permanent) Floppy Disk  720 KB - Double Sided Double Density 3.5”  1.44MB - High Density 3.5” Zip Disks (IOMEGA)  100 MB  250 MB

16. Non-Volatile Memory (Permanent) Hard Drives  Vary from very small to 38GB  The smallest you can buy on the market today is about 4GB Manufactures include:  Western Digital, Seagate, Quantum, and many others  IDE vs. SCSI

17. Non-Volatile Memory (Permanent) Optical Disks: Hold 650MB CD- ROM CDR CDRW

18. RAM Random Access Memory  32 Pin  72 Pin  DIMM  SDRAM  Flash Memory

19. ROM Read Only Memory  PROM  EPROM  ROM BIOS  Flash BIOS  Video RAM (VRAM)

20. Processors Intel AMD CYRIX

21. Motherboards Slots 8 and 16 bit slots (ISA) 32 Bit Slots (PCI) 64 Bit Slots (AGP) Ports Serial Parallel PS/2 USB

22. Video Cards Manufactures Include:  Diamond, Trident, Cirrus Logic, Tseng Labs…The list goes on and on. The importance of video memory depends on the application Video Capture Cards (TV Cards)

23. Sound Cards Creative Labs is the main manufacturer, but there are many others Sound cards have a wide price range and capability range

24. Modems Manufacturers Include:  US Robotics, Zoom, Hayes and moany others There are lots of different types of modems. We’ll get into them when we cover the Internet.

25. Other Devices Scanners Digital Cameras MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) NICs (Network Interface Cards)