1.
Report from WP 11: Collimator Materials for Fast High Density Energy Deposition (ColMat-HDED) Jens Stadlmann (GSI) on behalf of Adriana Rossi (CERN) and Alessandro Bertarelli (CERN) EuCARD2 – 5th Steering Committee Meeting Frankfurt, Germany – 2 October, 2013

2. Alessandro Bertarelli - CERN
Outline
WP11 Task Status
WP11.1: Coordination and Communication
WP11.2: Material Testing for Fast Energy Density Deposition and High Irradiation Doses
WP11.3: Material Mechanical Modelling
Upcoming Activities and Summary
EuCARD2 SC Meeting –
Alessandro Bertarelli - CERN

3. ColMat-HDED collaboration
ColMat-HDED partners
Partnership agreement with CERN (KN2045)
Main founding to Kurchatov lab. From CERN Collimation Project
Complementarity with irradiation tests at BLN, different energies and additional materials tested .
Glidcop, Molybdenum, CuCD, MoGr
BNL Features:
Irradiation with proton beam at 200 MeV
Indirect water cooling and T~100°C (samples encapsulated with inert gas)
Thermo-physical and mechanical characterization for fluence up to 1020 p/cm2
Possibility to irradiate with neutrons (simulate shower on secondary coll.)
Collaboration CERN with US-LARP

4. Alessandro Bertarelli - CERN
Outline
ColMat-HDED collaboration
WP11 Task Status
WP11.1: Coordination and Communication
WP11.2: Material testing for fast energy density deposition and high irradiation doses
WP11.3: Material mechanical modelling
Upcoming Activities and Summary
EuCARD2 SC Meeting –
Alessandro Bertarelli - CERN

5. WP11 Tasks and Deliverables
Work Package subdivided in 4 Tasks
Coordination and Communication (A. Rossi and J. Stadlmann)
Material testing for fast energy density deposition and high irradiation doses (A. Bertarelli)
Material mechanical modelling (A. Bertarelli)
Material Specification (A. Rossi)
4 Main Deliverables
EuCARD2 SC Meeting –
Alessandro Bertarelli - CERN

6. WP11 Tasks and Deliverables
Deliverables and Milestones
Achieved!
Ongoing
EuCARD2 SC Meeting –
Alessandro Bertarelli - CERN

7. Alessandro Bertarelli - CERN
Outline
WP11 Task Status
WP11.1: Coordination and Communication
WP11.2: Material Testing for Fast Energy Density Deposition and High Irradiation Doses
WP11.3: Material Mechanical Modelling
Upcoming Activities and Summary
EuCARD2 SC Meeting –
Alessandro Bertarelli - CERN

8. Task 11.1: Status and Next Events
Novel materials presented at the 9th Tungsten, Refractory & HardMaterials Conference (Orlando – May 18-22, 2014)
Upcoming: WP11 – Collimator Materials for High Density Energy Deposition – 2nd Annual Meeting
Proposed dates: Thursday and Friday 4th and 5th of December 2014
Location: GSI, Darmstadt, DE
EuCARD2 SC Meeting –
Alessandro Bertarelli - CERN

9. Alessandro Bertarelli - CERN
Outline
WP11 Task Status
WP11.1: Coordination and Communication
WP11.2: Material Testing for Fast Energy Density Deposition and High Irradiation Doses
WP11.3: Material Mechanical Modelling
Upcoming Activities and Summary
EuCARD2 SC Meeting –
Alessandro Bertarelli - CERN

10. Task 11.2: Status and Next Events
Main goal for Collimation (relevant to WP11):
Design, build and install in the LHC a prototype of HL-LHC Secondary Collimator embarking novel advanced materials – 2016
Current design permits a late choice of the active jaw material
TCSPM Jaw
Courtesy of L. Gentini
Glidcop back-stiffener
Final validation of design and material choice through beam irradiation tests:
Long-term effects: Low/Medium energy (up to 1.14 GeV) at GSI, NRC-KI, BNL
Short-term effects: High energy (440 GeV): CERN HiRadMat facility
Glidcop or Mo Housing
Make a distinction of what does who, why it is complementary to have different sources.
Glidcop clamps
Novel composite blocs
Brazed cooling circuit
EuCARD2 SC Meeting –
Alessandro Bertarelli - CERN

11. Task 11.2: Irradiation Tests at GSI
Irradiation campaigns at GSI:
Feb-Mar 2014:
238U:1.14 GeV, 0.5 ms, 0.6 Hz, 4x109 ions/cm2s
208Bi: 1 GeV, 0.5 ms, 3.4 Hz, 1.2x109 ions/cm2s
CuCD, CFC (2 orientations), MoGr (MG 3110P, 2 orientations, samples not annealed) irradiated with fuences up to 1e14 ions/cm2
July 2014:
197Au: 945 MeV, 40 Hz, up to 2x109 ions/cm2s
C: 11.4MeV/u, 5x109 ions/cm2s
Online monitoring of sample temperature with a thermal camera – acquisition rate 2 kHz
Make a distinction of what does who, why it is complementary to have different sources.
EuCARD2 SC Meeting –
Alessandro Bertarelli - CERN

12. Task 11.2: Irradiation Tests at GSI
Large amount of data gathered during the first two irradiation campaign on C/C, CuCD, MoGr; data analysis on-going
Preliminary results anticipate good behaviour of CuCD
Several measurements still to be performed on irradiated samples, however preliminary results provided valuable contribution for MoGr:
1st campaign: “as-received” MoGr. Samples deformed during irradiation at high fluence
2nd campaign: irradiation of heat-treated MoGr (annealing at 1150˚C / 1300˚C hours). Lower deformation on samples treated at higher temperature.
Make a distinction of what does who, why it is complementary to have different sources.
Deformation of “as received” samples at different fluencies
Temperature on the samples during irradiation
EuCARD2 SC Meeting –
Alessandro Bertarelli - CERN

13. Task 11.2: Irradiation Tests at GSI
Observed deformation is possibly due to the release of internal stresses cumulated during material sintering
A high-temperature, slow treatment prior to irradiation relieves the internal stresses
Beneficial effects substantially improve with HT temperature
October 2014 campaign (on-going):
Irradiation with Sm ions
MoGr samples for 50 min prior irradiation!
Treatment possible also on larger blocs (e.g. active jaw inserts)
November 2014 and beyond:
High-energy laser irradiation
Same or improved thermal treatment as 3rd campaign, on the basis of previous results
Make a distinction of what does who, why it is complementary to have different sources.
EuCARD2 SC Meeting –
Alessandro Bertarelli - CERN

14. Task 11.2: Irradiation Tests at BNL
2013/2014 Runs
200 MeV proton
Irradiations conducted during 2013 (4.5 weeks) and 2014 (3 weeks)
Spallation neutron BLIP
Beam time: 7th March – 31st July 2014
28 MeV proton Tandem
E. Quaranta (CERN PhD Student) currently participating to measurements and data analysis at BNL
Make a distinction of what does who, why it is complementary to have different sources.
EuCARD2 SC Meeting –
Alessandro Bertarelli - CERN

15. Task 11.2: HiRadMat 23 Experiment
Final material choice on the basis of the material resistance to particle beam impacts
HRMT23 test (approved by HiRadMat Scientific Committee): “Assess impact consequences on jaws components after intense proton irradiation”
Three superposed collimator jaws in one tank
Experiment main goals:
Determine the threshold of damage of the jaw materials
Integrally test under LIU/SPS beam train HL-LHC collimator jaws
Jaws equipped with embarked instrumentation for online acquisition
Special tank equipped with viewports for optical remote acquisition (LDV and high-speed camera)
EuCARD2 SC Meeting –
Alessandro Bertarelli - CERN

16. Alessandro Bertarelli - CERN
Task 11.2: HiRadMat23 test
Tests currently scheduled in spring 2015
Jaw materials envisaged:
Molybdenum-Graphite
Copper-Diamond
Carbon-fiber-reinforced Carbon AC-150K
EuCARD2 SC Meeting –
Alessandro Bertarelli - CERN

17. Alessandro Bertarelli - CERN
Outline
WP11 Task Status
WP11.1: Coordination and Communication
WP11.2: Material Testing for Fast Energy Density Deposition and High Irradiation Doses
WP11.3: Material Mechanical Modelling
Upcoming Activities and Summary
EuCARD2 SC Meeting –
Alessandro Bertarelli - CERN

18. Task 11.3: Status and Next Events
Several tests performed in 2014 for the thermo-mechanical characterization of novel materials
CERN:
Thermal characterization with advanced machines recently purchased (Differential Scanning Calorimeter, Dilatometer and Laser-Flash)
Quasi-static mechanical measurements of the elastic matrix and the elasto-(pseudo)plastic material behaviour
Politecnico di Torino:
State-of-the-art dynamic tests of the material hardening/softening as a function of strain, strain rate and temperature (Hopkinson bar setup)
All data acquired are being used to build the material models for the numerical simulation of particle beam impact against collimator jaws
EuCARD2 SC Meeting –
Alessandro Bertarelli - CERN

19. Task 11.3: Measurements at CERN
Laser-Flash
Temperature range: Troom up to 2000 ˚C (lower limit -180 ˚C with ad-hoc setup)
Laser-Flash: thermal diffusivity, specific heat and thermal conductivity
Dilatometer: Coefficient of thermal expansion
MoGr thermal conductivity up to 770 W/m/K
(Twice pure Cu!!)
MoGr // fibres
MoGr ⊥ fibres
EuCARD2 SC Meeting –
Alessandro Bertarelli - CERN

20. Task 11.3: Measurements at CERN
CTE measurements: measurements performed in the two directions, after heating/cooling cycles
Dotted lines: CTE
Continuous lines: linear expansion
Excellent thermo-mechanical stability of MoGr
CTE~1E-6 K-1 between Troom and 2000˚C!
Dilatometer
MoGr // fibres, CTE
MoGr ⊥ fibres, CTE
EuCARD2 SC Meeting –
Alessandro Bertarelli - CERN

21. Dynamic tensile/compressive tests on Molybdenum
Task 11.3: Tests at PoliTo
Within EUCARD2 to improve testing facilities a new high speed camera and a VISAR were acquired
2 high speed video cameras (max 1 Mfps) and 1 VISAR (Velocity Interferometer System for Any Reflector), PVDF sensors
Dynamic tensile/compressive tests on Molybdenum
EuCARD2 SC Meeting –
Alessandro Bertarelli - CERN

22. Task 11.3: Numerical Simulations at CERN
From material characterization…
…to numerical modelling and beam-impact response advanced simulations
Temp (˚C)
Molten region!
Temp (˚C)
MoGr jaw,
Tmax<Tmelt(2540˚C)
CuCD jaw,
Tmax>>Tmelt(1083˚C)!!
EuCARD2 SC Meeting –
Alessandro Bertarelli - CERN

23. Alessandro Bertarelli - CERN
Outline
WP11 Task Status
WP11.1: Coordination and Communication
WP11.2: Material Testing for Fast Energy Density Deposition and High Irradiation Doses
WP11.3: Material Mechanical Modelling
WP11.4: Material Specification
Upcoming Activities and Summary
EuCARD2 SC Meeting –
Alessandro Bertarelli - CERN

24. Summary and Perspectives
WP11 is successfully continuing on the work path defined at 1st Annual Meeting.
2nd Annual Meeting planned for early December at GSI.
Very intense and challenging program, driven not only by EuCARD2 deadlines but also by “hard” machine-related constraints (full LHC Collimator with new materials to be installed around 2016 …).
1st Milestone (Irradiation of first samples) completed. Preliminary results show good behavior of CuCD and provided valuable input for MoGr development (high temperature annealing introduced to remove residual stresses).
Excellent progress towards milestones 2 and 3.
MAT-X workshop at GSI in November 2014
Material development and characterization continued: outstanding thermo-physical properties measured and confirmed at CERN.
Additional significant contributions from PoliTo and BNL.
Comprehensive experiment to test full-scale HL-LHC collimator jaws at HiRadMat approved and expected by Spring 2015.
EuCARD2 SC Meeting –
Alessandro Bertarelli - CERN

25. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!

26. Thank you for your attention!

27. Alessandro Bertarelli - CERN
Task 11.3: Tests at PoliTo
Light Gasgun for Taylor, flyer-plate and ballistic impacts tests
Within EUCARD2 to improve testing facilities a new high speed camera and a VISAR were acquired
2 high speed video cameras (max 1 Mfps) and 1 VISAR (Velocity Interferometer System for Any Reflector), PVDF sensors
Courtesy of L. Peroni
EuCARD2 SC Meeting –
Alessandro Bertarelli - CERN

28. Alessandro Bertarelli - CERN
Task 11.3: Tests at PoliTo
2 Grades:
Mo1 (Plansee)
Mo2 (AT&M)
Metals produced via powder technology could exhibit brittle behaviour especially at high strain-rates probably due to the change of failure mechanism between ductile damage and trans-granular fracture. These aspects must be deeply investigated.
Brittle failure in high strain-rate tensile tests (over 103 s-1)
High Strain-rate sensitivity
Courtesy of L. Peroni
EuCARD2 SC Meeting –
Alessandro Bertarelli - CERN