1. Potential of IPNS technique under Rice cultivation
BGA
Compost Chemical Bio fertilizers
Fertilizers

2. Content What is IPNS? Why we need to practice it?
Nutrient requirement and removal by rice plant.
How it practice?
Inorganic fertilizer used
Organic fertilizer used
Other cultural practices use in IPNS
Constrains in IPNS

3. IPNS ????
Integrated plant nutrient system (IPNS) pertains to the combined use of organic and inorganic fertilizers in proper proportion accompanied by sound cultural management practices in crop production.
Is a system, which is ecologically compatible ,socially acceptable and economically viable

4. IPNS Contd…
Involves proper combination of chemical fertilizers, organic manure, crop residues, N2~fixing crops other pulses and oilseeds such as soybean and bio fertilizers suitable to the system
It attempts to achieve tight nutrient cycling with synchrony between nutrient demand by the crop and nutrient release in the soil, while minimizing losses

5. Why need integrated use?
To Sustain productivity through maintaining soil fertility
To increase fertilizer use efficiency
Nutrient losses with chemical fertilizer high
To reduce the cost of production
To improve physical conditions of soils

6. Why need integrated use? Contd…
To get higher yield
Reported national average yield is 3.78 t/ha. But farmers who have practiced IPNS have obtained yields over 10 t/ha and sustain that level of production over the years.
Easy ploughing and land preparation with IPNS
Increase anion retention and thereby reduce environmental pollution

7. Why need integrated use? Contd…
Produce more healthy plants which minimize the necessity to use pesticide and fungicides
Develop the soil structure and reduce erosion hazard

8. Nutrient needed by rice plant
17 elements needed for rice plant to complete its healthy life cycle.
It can group into macro and micro nutrients.
Rice plant require relatively high amount of macro and small amount of micro elements.
The most common limiting nutrient are nitrogen(N),phosperous(p),potassium(K),
sulfur(s)and zinc(Zn)

9. Nutrient Removal in Rice Cultivation
Rice is an annual crop and it removes
A considerable amount of nutrients proportional to the yield obtained.
Higher quantities of potassium and silica are found in the straw and rice husk.
So, these nutrients want to replace by fertilizer.

10. Chemical Fertilizers
Urea
Triple Super Phosphate (TSP)
Murate of Potash (MOP)
Zinc sulphate

11. Organic materials for IPNS in rice
Plant residues
Crop residues
Green manure
Animal waste
Animal manure
Farm yard manure
Compost
Biofertilizer

12. Crop residues Rice straw Rice husk Bean straw Sugarcane trash
Cowpea stems
Wood ashes
1/3 of N required by Rice plant could be provide by Rice straw
Rice straw can provide almost all K Requrement(30-40 g/ha)
Rice straw

13. Crop residues Contd…
So..
Why burn rice straw?
- It is a source of N,P,K,Si,Ca,Mg,S and organic substances
- When straw burned,
results in losses of All organic substances and N(100%),P(25%)and K(20%) ,S lost And other elements remain in ash.
Burning of rice straw

14. Crop residues Contd…
Rice straw, stubble or undecomposed organic material should be incorporated 2-3 wk before crop establishment to avoid negative effects (Toxicities, immobilization)
Incorporation of rice straw

15. Green Manure
Many countries regard as important nutrient source for rice.
Trees whole leaves are used
Gliricidea masculata (watahira)
Azadirachta indi (magosa)
Erythrina lithospema (Dadap)
Plants whole leaves and stems are used
Tithonia diversifolia (Sunflower)
Cassia occidentalis (penithora)
Thespesia populnea (Suria)
Gliricidea

16. Green Manure Contd… Other examples of these Green Manure crops like,
Vigna radiata (mungbean)
Crotolaria juncea (sunhemp)
Glycine max (soybean)
Dolichos lablab (lablab)
Vigna unguiculata (cowpea
Cajanus cajan (pigeon pea)
Green Manuring

17. Green Manure Cont..
Provide N, organic matter and improve soil fertility.
Grown before and after rice crop.
Can be broadcast in to standing rice crop shortly before harvesting.
Also can be broadcast into rice stubble without cultivation.
Can grown in bunds of rice fields or in fallow lands during the off season and their leaves are incorporated.
Incoporation of green manure

18. Animal waste Farm yard manure Poultry manure Cattle manure
Swine manure
Those material provide both macro and micro nutrients to plant and improve soil properties.
It should spray evenly avoiding heaps.
It can be evaporation of N in Hot Atmosphere
Should mix well with soil

19. Animal waste Contd… Farm yard manure application
Should mix properly with soil

20. Compost Nutrient composition vary with type of material use
- animal and plant material origin compost
- Rural compost
- Urban waste compost
Improve soil biological,physical and chemical properties.

21. Bio Fertilizers
Playing a significant role in integrated plant nutrient systems (IPNS) to enhance microbial activity in the rhizosphere .
Types of Bio Fertilizers
Nitrogen fixers
Phosphate solubilizers
Can apply as seed treatment or soil application.
Addition of BGA Culture in Rice Fields

22. Bio Fertilizers use in rice
Function/ Contribution
Recommended Dose/ ha
Azatobacter
(Non- symbiotic)
20 – 25 kg N / ha
2 kg / ha
Azospirillum
(Associative)
25-40 kg N/ha/year.
10 – 15 % increase yield. Production of growth promoting substance.
2 kg /ha
Blue Green Algae or
Cyanobacteria
(Phototropic)
20 – 30 kg N /ha 10 – 15 % increase in yield. Production of growth promoting substance
10 – 15 kg/ha
Azolla (Symbiotic)
30 – 100 kg N/ha , Yield increases 20 – 25 %
10 tons/ha
Phosphobacteria
Contributes to solubility of tricalcium, aluminum and iron phosphates making the phosphorus present in the soil available to plants.
2 kg/ha

23. Nutrient composition of organic material (% in DM)K
Rice straw
1.1
0.16
1.4
Bean straw
1.57
0.32
1.34
Sugarcane trash
0.35
0.04
0.5
Cowpea stems
1.07
0.14
Wood ashes
0.02
0.06
FYM
0.8
0.18
0.61
Poultry
3.33
1.36
1.8
Rural compost
1.12
0.42
1.22
Urban waste compost
0.57
0.62
1.66
Gliricidea
4.15
0.27 3
magosa
2.38
0.2
1.3
dadap 4
0.29
3.95

24. Nutrient composition of organic material (% in DM) Contd…

25. Application of organic matter…..
Encouraged to increase the soil water holding
capacity
So…
- Provide more available water to the plants
- Roots can better access and use of available nutrients
Increase microbial biomass,nitogen fixing bacteria, that favorable for fertilizer availability

26. Cultural practices use in IPNS
Variety and crop management
- Use appropriate varieties
- Use high quality seeds of varieties
- Choose a suitable planting density
- Follow the appropriate planting season and time in the locality
Rate of NPK application is higher during dry season

27. Cultural practices use in IPNS Cond…
Good water management
- Level the soil properly and maintain a water level of 2-5 cm until 3-4week after transplanting
- Irrigating only after 5-6 d of no standing water - Can save 16-35% water without reducing yield - Good practice to manage Zn deficient soils - To correct some other nutrient problems

28. Cultural practices use in IPNS Cond…
pest control (including weeds)
- Remove weeds,especialy at the early vegetative stage before applying fertilizer
-Observe synchronous planting time to minimize concentrated damage from rice pests
crop rotation

29. Suggestions for improving the present systems of IPNS and fertilizer use efficiency (FUE)
Planting of Gliricidia, or Ipil Ipil on the major bunds and hedge rows to supply green manure.
Use of charred rice husk.
Cultivation of sandwich crops.
Use of cow dung and poultry manure to supplement chemical fertilizer.
Cultivation of legumes and incorporation of crop residues.
Preparation of charred rice husk

30. Common constraints encountered by the farmers in adoption of IPNS technology
Chemical fertilizer easily available and easy to use
Organic manure is not available in own holdings most of time
Storage and retail marketing of organic manure is limited, is not easily accessible to most farmers
Scarcity of labour

31. constraints Contd….
Financial credit is available only for mineral fertilizer. No organized credit system to promote organic fertilizer
Farmers who have domesticated animals do not have facilities to collect,store and market the animal waste.
Non-availability of biofertilizers
Non-availability of soil testing facilities

32. constraints Contd…. Non-availability of water
Lack of knowledge and poor advisory services
Non-availability of improved seeds

33. Summary
Combine application of Inorganic fertilizer and Organic Fertilizer at an appropriate ratio, required to attain high yields on a sustained basis in rice cultivation.
Plant residue, Animal waste, Compost material, bio fertilizer can use as organic material.
There is high yield potential with IPNS technique in rice cultivation but there are constrains also.

34. Thank you !