1. BSC 2010L CELLS AND PROTISTS I

2. In this lab we will: A. Review cell structure and function (Chapter 2). B. Begin examining diversity of life with some protist taxa (handouts).

3. Principal Biological Concepts to Emphasize: A. Cell theory - all living things are made of cells. B. Levels of organization: atoms  molecules  macromolecules  organelles  cells  tissues  organs  organisms C. Cell types D. Cell structures and functions E. Diversity and cladistic analysis G. Diversity of some protist groups

4. Dissecting scopes A. Putting prepared slides under the dissecting scope is often a convenient way to look at larger specimens. B. Look at live protists and small inverts under dissecting scopes when preparing wet mounts.

6. Cell Structure A. Basic aspects of cell structure and function 1.All cells have a nucleus (or nucleoid), cytoplasm and a plasma membrane.

7. 2.The plasma membrane isolates the cell from the environment, controls the flow of molecules into and out of the cell, and contains receptors that effect cell’s activities.

8. 3.A nucleus is bound be a membrane and contains DNA. (In bacterial and blue-green cells, DNA in located in the nucleoid region and is not membrane-bound.)

9. 4.The cytoplasm contains membrane systems, particles, filaments (the cytoskeleton), and a semifluid matrix.

10. PROKARYOTES

11. A prokaryotic cell

12. Eukaryotes 1. internal membrane bound organelles - with specific structures and functions. a.cell membrane surrounding cytoplasm b.nuclear membrane around nucleus c. endoplasmic reticulum d.mitochrondria e.chloroplasts

13. PLANT vs. ANIMAL CELLS

14. An animal cell

15. A plant cell

16. Organelles A. Nucleus B. Nucleolus C. Membrane systems 1. endoplasmic reticulum a. smooth ER b. rough ER 2. ribosomes D. Mitochondria E. Golgi bodies F. Chloroplasts G. Central Vacuole H. Cell wall I. Flagella and cilia

17. The nucleus and its envelope The nucleus and its envelope

18. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

19. Ribosomes

20. Golgi bodies

21. The endomembrane system The endomembrane system

22. The mitochondrion

23. Ultrastructure of a eukaryotic flagellum or cilium

25. The plant cell vacuole The plant cell vacuole

26. The chloroplast

27. In lab: A. Bacterial cells B. Human epidermal cells stain- methylene blue C. Onion epidermis D. Hydrilla

28. Use glass slides throughout lab, then throw them in GLASS container.

29. Data sheet 1 (10 pts.) THIS IS DUE BEFORE YOU LEAVE THE LAB.

30. Classification A. Taxonomic hierarchy - Domain, kingdom, phylum (division), class, order, family, genus, species. B. 3 domains 1.Bacteria 2.Archaea 3.Eukarya

31. Eukarya a. "Protists" – At least 5 kingdoms b. Kingdom ANIMALIA c. Kingdom FUNGI d. Kingdom PLANTAE

32. Hierarchical classification

33. Domains of life

34. The five-kingdom system compared with two alternative classification schemes

35. A tentative phylogeny of eukaryotes

36. The "protists” A. Representing at least 5 kingdoms B. 60,000 extant species C. Eukaryotic cells origin from prokaryotes by endosymbiosis

37. A. Kingdom Rhizopoda B. Kingdom Euglenozoa 1.Phylum Euglenophyta – euglenoids 2.Phylum Kinoplastida C. Kingdom Alveolata 1.Phylum Ciliophora This week we will include:

38. In lab: A. Euglena - (with Stentor) B. Trichonympha C. Trypanosoma D. Paramecium E. Stentor F. Vorticella

39. Euglena

40. Amoeba proteus

41. Termite and Trichonympha

42. Trypanosoma, the kinetoplastid that causes sleeping sickness

44. Conjugation and genetic recombination in Paramecium caudatum

45. Paramecium conjugating

46. Ciliates: Stentor (left), Paramecium (right)

48. Paramecium contractile vacuole DEMONSTRATION.