1. Patterns of Macroevolution
(and review of phylogenetic trees worksheet)

2. #1
Class
Family
Order
Genus

3. #1b
No, they do not share a recent common ancestor
Should not group them together in any taxa without also including A, E and F

4. 2. DNA Proteins Anatomical Homologies Embryos Data supports tree II
Camel is least related to others
Hippo and whale share many similarities

5. 3. Raccoon Red Panda Panda Andean Bear Polar Bear Black Bear
Grizzly Bear

7. 4. Rose Bush Pine Tree Liverwort Algae Moss Ginkgo Corn Fern
-Dicotyledon
-Flowers
-Seeds
-Xylem
-Terrestrial living

8. 5. Woops. Should have been Not consistent…
A B and C are all consistent
D is not

9. Patterns of macroevolution

10. #1. Timing Gradualism Punctuated Equilibrium
Rate of evolution is very slow and constant
(millions of years)
Evolution occurs in bursts (thousands of years) followed by millions of years of stasis

11. More on punctuated Equilibrium
Evidence that evolution occurs more rapidly following environmental change

12. #2 Convergent
Different species evolve to appear similar despite different ancestry
Leads to formation of analogous structures

13. Example – Placental vs. marsupial mammals

14. Example of analogous structures - wings

15. #3 Divergent/Adaptive Radiation
Species evolve to look different
Often times many groups evolve from one common ancestor

16. Fall of dinosaurs gave rise to adaptive radiation of mammals

17. #4 Coevolution Evolution of one species affects evolution of another
E.g. predator changes, causing prey to change
E.g. Plants and pollinators evolve in tandem

18. Example – milkweed and Monarch Butterflies
Milkweed is toxic
Monarch butterflies feed on milkweed and have evolved to withstand the toxin
They become toxic to predators

19. #5 Aposematic coloration
Prey evolve very bright coloration
Predators have evolved to avoid butterflies with bright coloration

20. #6 mimicry
Harmless species evolve to appear similar to toxic/dangerous species