1. Metadata Repositories for Interoperable/Shareable Metadata

2. Records Repository Various levels of metadata projects Application Profile Schema A Schema B Schema C

3. Benefits of creating shareable metadata It will be interoperable, or meaningful when combined with metadata from other sources. Your resources are more likely to be found when pooled together with resources from other providers, rather than not being retrieved by searchers due to inconsistencies or gaps in description. It will increase the number of access points for your resources available to end-users. Source: OAI Best Practices. http://oai- best.comm.nsdl.org/cgi-bin/wiki.pl?PublicTOC

4. Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting (OAI-PMH) Protocol A protocol is a set of rules defining communication between systems. – E,g., HTTP, FTP Harvesting In the OAI context, harvesting refers specifically to the gathering together of metadata from a number of distributed repositories into a combined data store. http://www.openarchives.org/

5. Illustration of the repository with OAI-PMH structure Source: Figure 6-4 in Zeng & Qin (2008) Metadata

6. Two classes of participants: – Data Providers administer systems that support the OAI-PMH as a means of exposing metadata; and – Service Providers use metadata harvested via the OAI-PMH as a basis for building value- added services. The protocol mandate a common metadata format: unqualified Dublin Core. – http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/openarchivespr otocol.htm

7. OPAC image FTXT A&I e-print Before harvesting:each has a different metadata structure

8. metadata OPAC image FTXT A&I e-print

9. metadata OPACimageFTXTA&Ie-print Author Title Abstract Identifier Metadata from many sources can be gathered together in one database, and services can be provided based on this centrally harvested, or "aggregated" data.

10. An example: NSDL Metadata Repository Source: NSDL: Core Integration, Technical Overview, 2001 200+ projects:.collections.services.targeted research.pathways.core integration

11. Source: NSDL: Core Integration, Technical Overview, 2001

12. ADLstandard report ADLXML report

13. ADL record merged into NSDL Metadata Repository More Information Title [DOQQ, Digital orthophoto quarter quadrangle], Soda Lake South SW, California. Creator United States Geological Survey Creator Analytical Surveys, Inc. Subject Aerial photographs digital raster; California Subject DOQQ; quad; Band interleaved by line; BIL Description Digital Orthophoto Quarter Quadrangles (black & white) cover the state of California, each quarter quadrangle covering an area 3.75 degrees by 3.75 degrees. Some quadrangles are still in process as of March 2002 Publisher U.S. Geological Survey Western Mapping Center Contributor Alexandria DigitalLibrary Date 19970204 Date 19940528 Date 19971030 Type Image Type remote-sensing images Type aerial photographs Format 49189680 bytes Format BIL Format DOQQ Format Digital Orthophotographic Quarter Quadrangle

14. NSDL enables cross- collection searching

15. Provides detailed metadata records

16. Benefits of the OAI approach 1. Material can be accessed more widely; 2. Material can be exploited for purposes different from those that originally motivated the creation of the repositories; 3. New and improved services can be constructed because of the possibility of accessing multiple repositories; and 4. There is potential for cost-saving inherent in new models of the scholarly communication process that could be realized through an open archives approach. Summarized by Carpenter (2003)

17. Shareable Metadata in LOD