1. Two Case Studies: MPB Legacy and Forest Carbon September 16, 2014 1

2. Today’s Agenda Followup from Thursday Simulation Overview Mountain Pine Beetle legacy Forest Carbon mitigation September 16, 2014 2 Mean annual precipitation

3. Clarifying Facts and Values FactsValues What isWhat ought to be Empirical, PositiveNormative DescriptivePrescriptive Examples: Trends in forest jobs, 2010-2014 Employment levels in communities Number of red listed species Observed harvest patterns Examples: Sustainable forest jobs Sustainable communities Species Protection Emulate natural disturbance September 16, 2014 3

4. Question 1 and 3: Best Course + Professor Attributes Class was inspiring while being informative - Thought provoking material/gripping material/material that covered current events Well-organized: Well structured and well planned lectures and course structure Discussion of lecture and reading material Interactive and practical Group activities/participation based Videos for interactive learning Focus placed on learning not grades Realistic expectations Open communication between professor and students Passionate, energetic, well-informed, informal, engaging, understandable, engaging, inspiring, funny, organized (these adjectives were used in almost all the responses for this question) Wants students to succeed Respectful: Does not speak down to students Provided opportunities for students to discuss topics brought up in class; involves students in class explain course concept in multiple ways/used analogies and examples as a way to teach concepts Stayed on topic Used visual stimulation throughout lectures Professor made an effort to learn names Provided opportunities for critical thinking September 16, 2014 4

5. Question 2: Best Student Attributes Students were: – passionate – respectful of peers and professor – Attentive – enthusiastic about learning Students felt comfortable in their environment All students participated, not just one Students had a Facebook page to go to if they needed help from their peers Students attended lectures Students engaged in critical thinking projects or discussions September 16, 2014 5

6. Today’s Agenda Followup from Thursday Simulation Overview Mountain Pine Beetle legacy Forest Carbon mitigation September 16, 2014 6 Mean annual precipitation

7. Simulation Conversion to Area-Based tenure The Minister of Forests, Land, and Natural Resource Operations has proposed, as a way to improve forest management and increase the midterm timber supply in regions affected by the mountain pine beetle epidemic, to convert a number of volume-based licences to area-based ones. The Minister has directed a multistakeholder body to forge a consensus on a new tenure system by the end of the calendar year. Forest Carbon Mitigation Committed to being a leader in climate action, and recognizing the contribution of forests to carbon emissions, the Premier has directed the Minister of FLNRO to conduct a multistakeholder consultation on the proposal to add carbon as a value to the Forest Range and Practices Act. September 16, 2014 7

8. Simulation - Objectives develop practical skills -- teamwork, research, and communication -- necessary for constructive participation in policy development develop a deep understanding of one crucial component of forest policy. Have a lot of fun learning 8

9. Simulation – Organization Forest Carbon ForestEthics Sierra Club of BC Offsetters COFI Canfor Western Silviculture Contractors Association Forest Fibre Alliance of BC United Steelworkers Coastal First Nations First Nations Forestry Council Conversion to area-based tenure Wilderness Tourism Association of BC ForestEthics Cariboo-Chilcotin Conservation Society Council of Forest Industries Canfor Interior Logging Association United Steelworkers Carrier Sekani Tribal Council First Nations Forestry Council 9

10. Simulation –Process meet in groups required readings consult "real world" versions of their groups select a delegate (and an alternate) to speak and negotiate for them during the consultation. evening, mock multistakeholder consultation attendance required for all participants : – Area-based tenure Monday November 17 – Forest carbon Tuesday, November 18 10

11. Simulation - Assessment 10% for the group brief not to exceed 2000 words. This is a group project, which clearly and concisely presents the group’s initial position on how to revise the rules. It should contain references. The briefs are due November 13. 10% for each student’s participation in the group. This grade will be based on the recommendations for grades that students provide for each other 10% for the performance of each group in the consultation. 11

12. Simulation - Resources There will be 5 “flipped classroom” tutorials in class to guide you through process of developing an policy advocacy brief September 16, 2014 12

13. This is problem based learning from wikipediawikipedia PBL is a student-centered pedagogy in which students learn about a subject through the experience of problem solving. Students learn both thinking strategies and domain knowledge. The goals of PBL are to help the students develop flexible knowledge, effective problem solving skills, self-directed learning, effective collaboration skills and intrinsic motivation Working in groups, students identify what they already know, what they need to know, and how and where to access new information that may lead to resolution of the problem. The role of the instructor is to facilitate learning by supporting, guiding, and monitoring the learning process. September 16, 2014 13

14. Today’s Agenda Followup from Thursday Simulation Overview Mountain Pine Beetle legacy Forest Carbon mitigation September 16, 2014 14 Mean annual precipitation

15. Case Study 1: Environmental Change: The Legacy Mountain Pine Beetle Epidemic September 15, 2009 15

16. MPB epidemic: 2 causes fire suppression increase volume of vulnerable host organisms area covered by mature pine increased by a factor of 3 from 1910-2000 climate change – decline in cold weather – In mid-winter, temperatures must consistently be below -35-40 C for several straight days to have any effect – In the early fall or late spring, sustained temperatures of -25 C can kill September 16, 2014 16

17. MPB epidemic – current and projected impact 53% of the total provincial mature merchantable pine volume killed by 2012 58% of pine will be killed by 2021 September 16, 2014 17

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20. Policy Response AAC Uplifts (about 14 million m3 – 28% across interior) Support for Beetle Action Coalitions Silviculture Investments Surveys, Reforestation, fertilization Modest changes to stewardship, conservation rules September 16, 2014 20

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22. MPB Timber Supply Impact Summary (2012) 2012 provincial AAC: 78.3 million m 3 * – Coast 17.1 million m 3 – Interior AAC: 61.5 million m 3 50.6 million m 3 pre-uplift 2030 provincial AAC: 57.5 million m 3 – 40.4 million m 3 interior “fall-down” below pre-uplift: 10.1 million m 3 – 20% in interior (higher in some areas) – 14% provincially

23. Area-based tenure – recent origins Explosion at mill in Burns Lake, BC – Babine Forest Products owned by Hampton Affiliates Justifying rebuilding of mill thought to require greater assurance of access to timber Memo leaked with a number of controversial proposals Response: Special Committee on Timber Supply September 16, 2014 23

24. (belated) political response Special Committee on Timber Supply tasked with consultations – August 2012 report recommends increasing area based tenurereport Government Beyond the Beetle response promises legislation to do so in Spring 2013 sittingBeyond the Beetle September 16, 2014 24

25. Status of Proposal Clark government introduces Bill 8 that would amend Forest Act to allow the minister to accept application to convert FLs to TFLs, but dropped after opposition emergedBill 8 Set up consultation, Summer 2014consultation Report released August 2014 Report Government: “Given the recent Supreme Court of Canada Tsilhqot'in decision and requests from forest companies and communities to focus on key immediate priorities, the ministry will not be proceeding with legislative changes that would enable forest licence conversions in fall 2014 or spring 2015.” Government September 16, 2014 25

26. Your task Is an increase in area-based tenures a good idea for BC forestry? September 16, 2014 26

27. Case Study 2: Policies to Manage Forest Carbon

28. BC climate policy Climate Action Plan June 2008 Climate Action Plan Provincial reduction target:target – 33% below 2007 levels by 2020 – 80% below 2007 levels by 2050 Public sector carbon neutrality by 2010 – Emission offset regulation Emission offset regulation Must use Pacific Carbon Trust (now MoE)Pacific Carbon Trust September 16, 2014 28

29. Carbon in forests Tony Lempriere (CFS) There is a LOT of carbon in forests: – 50% of the weight of wood is carbon – 1 m 3 of wood = about 0.25 tonnes of carbon = almost 1 tonne of CO 2 = about the same amount of carbon as in 350 litres of gasoline 29

30. Forest carbon cycle Tony Lempriere (CFS) Carbon is stored in many pools, and emitted from and added to each pool over time Harvesting, decomposition, and fire emit greenhouse gases to the atmosphere (i.e. they result in sources) Forest growth removes or sequesters carbon from the atmosphere (i.e. they result in sinks) 30

31. Forest contribution to mitigation Afforestation – Plant new forests on marginal agricultural land Avoiding deforestation (permanent loss of forest) Changing forest management harvesting practices Rate of cut Regeneration protection against fire and insects Use and disposal of harvested wood products Produce longer-lived products, substitution for emissions-intensive materials, recycling, improve management of landfills Wood bioenergy Use wood for power generation, bio-fuels Bio-economy – displace petrochemical based materials September 16, 2014 31

32. Carbon Balance – BC Forests September 16, 2014 32

33. BC 2012 emissions September 16, 2014 33

34. Unaccounted “memo-items”* Only net deforestation counted September 16, 2014 34 * quantified for the purpose of transparency but not included in the GHG accounting Uncounted very large in comparison to 61.5 accounted Forest harvesting: 63.1 million tonnes Slash burning: 8.0 million tonnes Forest fires: 17.1 million tonnes Forest growth minus decay: -49.2 million tonnes Uncounted forest total: 39.3 million tonnes

35. What this means Forest carbon is very important compared to non-forest carbon Untapped opportunities to reduce carbon September 16, 2014 35 Your task: Should “carbon” be added as a value requiring protection under FRPA?

36. September 16, 2014 36 Forest Practices Regulation The Forest Range and Practices Act 1.Objectives established by government 2.Some performance standards 3.Forest Stewardship Plan prepared by lisencee – measurable results and strategies to meet objectives – may choose government “defaults” – reviewed and approved by government 4.Auditing and Compliance 5.Professional Reliance

37. FRPA Regulations – Objectives 11 Values http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/tasb/legsregs/frpa/frparegs/frparegs.htm http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/tasb/legsregs/frpa/frparegs/frparegs.htm Soils Resource features Timber including forest health Recreation resources Fish Visual Quality Wildlife Cultural Heritage Resources Biodiversity Forage Water Where can carbon fit? September 16, 2014 37

38. Example FPRA Objectives objectives set by government for soils The objective set by government for soils is, without unduly reducing the supply of timber from British Columbia's forests, to conserve the productivity and the hydrologic function of soils. objectives set by government for timber (a) maintain or enhance an economically valuable supply of commercial timber from British Columbia's forests, (b) ensure that delivered wood costs, generally, after taking into account the effect on them of the relevant provisions of this regulation and of the Act, are competitive in relation to equivalent costs in relation to regulated primary forest activities in other jurisdictions September 16, 2014 38

39. You Pick! Conversion to Area-Based tenure November 17 The Minister of Forests, Land, and Natural Resource Operations has proposed, as a way to improve forest management and increase the midterm timber supply in regions affected by the mountain pine beetle epidemic, to convert a number of volume-based licences to area-based ones. The Minister has directed a multistakeholder body to forge a consensus on a new tenure system by the end of the calendar year. Forest Carbon Mitigation November 18 Committed to being a leader in climate action, and recognizing the contribution of forests to carbon emissions, the Premier has directed the Minister of FLNRO to conduct a multistakeholder consultation on the proposal to add carbon as a value to the Forest Range and Practices Act. September 16, 2014 39

40. Thursday September 18 Government: the fundamentals of BC government; evolving forest sector governance Marty Luckert, David Haley, and George Hoberg, Policies for Sustainably Managing Canada’s Forests: Provincial Tenure, Stumpage Fees, and Forest Practices, (Vancouver: UBC Press, 2011), Chapter 1 September 16, 2014 40