2. Heart Anatomy <3 Benish Islam Coordinator/ Lecturer Surgical IPMS MKU

4. Fibrous and serous pericardium

6. Surfaces of heart

7. Sternocostal surface: formed by rt. Atrium and rt. Ventricle which are separated by arterioventricular groove. Rt. Border:rt. Atrium, Lt border: lt atrium and part of lt.auricle. Rt and lt ventricle separated by interventricular groove. Diaphragmatic surface: Formed by rt.and lt. ventricles. Separated by post. Interventricular groove. Inf. Surface of rt. Atrium into which inf. Vena cava opens is also involved Base of heart: post. Surface. Formed by lt. atrium,4 pulmonary veins opens here. Apex of heart: formed by lt. ventricle, directed downward forward to left. Lies at level of 5 th intercostal space. Its 3.5 inch away from midline. Apex beat palpated in living patient.

9. Chambers of heart Rt Atrium Rt. Ventricle Lt. Atrium Lt Ventricle

10. Rt. Atrium Consist of main cavity Small put pouching-auricle At junction of rt. Atrium and rt. Auricle there is vertical groove Sulcus terminalis, which on inside form a ridge, Crista terminalis. Part of trium in front of ridge is rough or trabeculated by muscle fiber bundles, musculi pectinati.

11. Openings into rt. Atrium Superior vena cava: opens into upper part of rt. Atrium (returns blood to heart from upper half of body) Inf. Vena cava: opens into lower part of atrium (returns blood to heart from lower part of body) Coronary sinus: Drains blood from heart wall,opens to rt. Atrium between inf. Vena cava and arterioventricular orifice. Rt. Arterio ventricular orifice: anteriot to vena cava and guarded by Tricuspid valves

14. Rt. ventricle Wall of rt. Ventricle is much thicker than atrium. Ventricle wall has projecting ridges,trabeculae carnea which has 3 types: 1.Papillary muscles,Chordae tendineae (Fibrous chords) 2.Moderarotor band (part of conducting system) 3. Prominent ridges Tricuspid valve: guards arterio ventricular orifice,3 cusps formed by endo metrium. Pulmonary valve: pulomnary orifice. At root of pulmonary trunk: dilations called aortic valve.

15. Aortic Valve

16. Lt. Atrium Consist of main cavity and lt. auricle Forms grater part of base of posterior surface Openings: total 4 pulmonary veins,2 from each lungs. Left atrioventricle is guarded by mitral valve

17. Left ventricle: It communicates with lt. atrium through atrioventricular orifice.And with aorta throug aortic orifice. Part of ventricle below the aortic orifice called aortic vestibule. Mitral valves guards atrio ventricular orifice.it has 2 cusps ie. anterior and posterior. Aortic valve at aiotic orifice. Behind each cusp aortic wall buldges to form aortic sinuses. Anterior aortic sinus gives origin to coronary artery Lt. post. Sinus gives origin to lt. coronary artery.

19. Conducting system of heart Normal heart rhythm: 70-90 beats per minute Contraction rhythm starts spontaneously in conducting system and impulse travels to different regions in heart. Atria (together) contracts first with a slight delay followd by ventricle contraction. Conducting system comprises special cardiac muscle present in sinuatrial node,aterioventricular node, atrioventricular bundle. Purkinje fibers ( specialised muscle fibre from coducting system)