2. What is task-based reading? Structure: a short passage 500words or so a chart 10 blanks You need to change the forms if necessary (summarizing) (reasoning)

4. 2 71 72 73 74 75 77 76 responsible -- responsibility 80 evaluation-- evaluate 79 unexpected--- in case

5. 2010 2010 569 ( 09 567 /08: 428) 569 ( 09 567 /08: 428) 1 compass magnet navigate 2 pigeon, honeybee, migrate, block, magnetite, stuff, marsh, magnetite, magnetometer 3 swing, bacteria, bacterium,

7. Title Beginning para. Body para. 1 Body para. 2 Body para. 3 Concluding para. general statement topic statement (hook)

8. Title Beginning para. Body para. 1 Body para. 2 Body para. 3 Concluding para. topic sentence supporting sentences general statement topic statement (hook)

9. Title Beginning para. Body para. 1 Body para. 2 Body para. 3 Concluding para. concluding sentence topic sentence supporting sentences general statement topic statement (hook)

11. 1 ------ 1 ------ 2 ------ 2 ------ 3 ------ 3 ------

12. 1 ----- 6 1 ----- 6

13. 1 Birds can recognize star patterns on clear nights and keep on course (74) even under cloudy skies. But they can keep on course even under cloudy skies

14. 2 The (75) experiments on pigeons and bees built-in compasses. One interesting experiment was to attach little magnets to the birds heads to block their magnetic sense… Similar experiments with the same kind of results were done with honeybees

15. 3 Little magnets were tied to the pigeons heads to (76) block their magnetic sense. One interesting experiment was to attach little magnets to the birds heads to block their magnetic sense.

16. 4 The pigeons magnetic sense seemed to be affected on (77) cloudy days. Evidently they can use the sun to tell which way they are going But on cloudy days…

17. 5 Little rod-like bacteria were found by chance to swim together in the direction of (79) north. He found accidentally little rod-like bacteria that all swam together in one directionnorth

18. 6 Some animals had a chain of dense magnetic particles in or close to the (80) brain inside their bodies. In each animal except for the bee the magnetic stuff was always in or closer to the brain

19. 2 ------ 2 ------ 2 2

20. 1 Our earth is a big magnet and a little freely (71) swinging magnetic needle lines itself with the earth magnet to point north and south. So a little magnetic needle that swings freely lines itself with the big earth magnet to point north and south

21. 2 One piece of evidence is the (73) migration of many birds between their summer homes and winter homes. Many birds migrate twice a year between their summer homes and winter homes

22. 3 ------ 3 ------ 2 2

23. 1 (72) Based on the idea above, the navigating compass was invented. One funny idea is that animals might have a built-in compass( )

24. 2 The (78) discovery of the magnetic stuff for the animal compass By using a special instrument called magnetometer scientists were able to find magnetite in bees and birds and even in fish In each animal except for the bee, the magnetic stuff was always in or closer to the brain Thus,the idea of a builtin animal compass began to seem reasonable

25. 6--1 6--1 OppositionAddition Cause and effect ComparisonContrastCondition but, although, despite the fact that, however, nevertheless, despite, in spite of …

26. 6--2 6--2 OppositionAddition Cause and effect ComparisonContrastCondition also in addition, furthermore, moreover, not only...but also in addition to, along with, as well as …

27. 6--3 6--3 OppositionAddition Cause and effect ComparisonContrastCondition for, so, because, since, therefore, as a result, consequently, because of, due to, as a result of …

28. 6--4 6--4 OppositionAddition Cause and effect ComparisonContrastCondition and...too. just as. similarly, in comparison, like, similar to …

29. 6--5 6--5 OppositionAddition Cause and effect ComparisonContrastCondition but, whereas, while, in contrast, on the other hand, unlike …

30. 6 --6 6 --6 OppositionAddition Cause and effect ComparisonContrastCondition if, unless, only if, even if, otherwise …

31. introduction ( / ) definition theme, title, topic characters, characteristics/features advantages, disadvantages, likes and dislikes attitude, opinions, comments( ) advice/suggestions/tips, conclusion( ), solutions, decisions

32. problems, efforts/measures ways, methods, means purposes/ aims/goals result/consequence causes/reasons importance, differences process/ procedures accounts/descriptions, activities sources, functions …

33. For example: Most workers were in favor of the decision. Most workers __________the decision. supported

34. He saw something strange. He caught ____ of something strange. They decided to end the war. They made a _________that the war should sight decision come to an end