1. World Organizations

2. GLOBALIZATION Advancements in transportation and Technology (communication) Exchanges of culture and resources Economic interdependence Environmental responsibility

3. UNITED NATIONS UNITED NATIONS ◦Founded in 1945 after WWII to seek “a just and prosperous world”. “..from the scourge of war”.  Settle disputes among nations  Promote universal human rights  Support economic development  Facilitate world peace  193 countries (Vatican, Kosovo, Taiwan)

4. New York City

5. WHAT IT IS NOT Not a World Government Cannot tax No people’s election Rarely impose its will

6. Organization and Structure Organization and Structure ◦The General Assembly - “Legislative” body of the UN  Debate and discuss world issues, disputes and problems.  Budget  Directs and supervises the activities of UN agencies (UNICEF, etc)  193 member nations  One country / one vote  Resolutions are non-binding  Elects non-permanent members of Security Council  Ratifies candidate for Secretary General  Voting blocks…G77, Nonaligned Movement

7. Security Council Security Council ◦The Security Council - Center of Power in UN  Five permanent members – US, UK, France, China, Russia ◦ Each of the 5 has veto power: BIG PROBLEM ◦ 10 non-permanent members (e-10)…5-15 years ◦ Controls UN military forces ◦ Functions include carrying out: ◦ military operations, ◦ economic sanctions, ◦ weapons inspections, ◦ and election monitoring THE ENFORCER

8. Non-permanent members ArgentinaArgentina (2014)….LA AustraliaAustralia (2014)….WE Chad (2015)….AFRICA ChileChile (2015)….LA Jordan (2015)….ARAB LithuaniaLithuania (2015)….EE LuxembourgLuxembourg (2014)….WE NigeriaNigeria (2015)….AFRICA Republic of KoreaRepublic of Korea (2014)….ASIA RwandaRwanda (2014)….AFRICA

9. Secretary-General Secretary-General Ban Ki-Moon (ROK) 8 th 5-year terms (2) Rotate regions

10. Court Court ◦The International Court of Justice – Judicial branch of UN  Established by UN Charter  Sits at The Hague, Netherlands  Function is to settle legal disputes between states (not individuals, corporations or organizations)  Provides legal opinions on issues submitted to it by the United Nations  Five SC permanent members have veto power over any decision

11. ICC ICC The International Criminal Court Created in 2002 Based in The Hague, but may operate in other locations Conducts prosecution of individuals accused of genocide, war crimes and other crimes against humanity Such crimes must have been committed by a citizen of a member state and have taken place in a member state Not all UN members submit to the jurisdiction of the ICC. The ICC operates independently from the UN, but reports to it. The US does not submit to the jurisdiction of the ICC CONTROVERSIAL: go after unpopular leaders

12. Economics Economics  THE WORLD BANK o Established in 1944 o Provides low interest loans, grants and credits to developing countries for education, infrastructure, agriculture and private sector projects. o Goal is to promote “inclusive and sustainable growth”  THE INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND (IMF) o Established in 1944 o Monitors currency markets o Provides loans to developing countries to help stabilize market situations o Goal is to “facilitate international trade, while promoting economic development” ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

13. Economy Economy WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION ◦Established in 1995 ◦ ◦Stated goals: “The World Trade Organization (WTO) deals with the global rules of trade between nations. Its main function is to ensure that trade flows as smoothly, predictably and freely as possible.” ◦Headquarters in Switzerland ◦Members meet to establish trade goals and objectives ◦Framework for trade policy: ◦ Equal treatment of ALL trading partners ◦ Binding, enforceable agreements ◦ Transparency

14. NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANIZATION 1949: intergovernmental military alliance Attack on one is an attack on all Collective defense (Russia)

15. EUROPEAN UNION Economic and political partnership Common markets Currency: EURO (not all countries) Security and police matters Travel and trade easier

16. Non-governmental Organizations NGO’s Independent from any government Humanitarian aid Call out corporations Political prisoners Work directly with people Non-profit Work quickly No army

17. Microfinance Organizations that offer financial services to people living in poverty (developing world) Providing of small business loans Reduce poverty Internet sites