2.  System located in the inner ear that allows us to make adjustments to bodily movements and postures.  Disorders of this sense can cause extreme dizziness or disorientation.  Tells us how our bodies are postured and when we are moving. Vestibular Sense

3. Utricles  Fluid filled chamber in the inner ear that detects changes in gravity.  Head movement activates vestibular system  Orienting ourselves to the environment.

5. Semicircular Canals  Fluid filled passages in the inner ear that detect movement of the head.  Movement causes hair cells to bend, sending information to the brain.

6. Saccule  A bed of sensory cells situated in the inner ear.  Translates head movements into neural impulses which the brain can interpret.

7. Kinesthetic Sense  System of receptors located in the muscles and joints that provides information about the location of the extremities.  Sense receptors located in the joints and muscles send information to the brain concerning muscle tension and joint perception: determine location of limbs.  Receptors connect to processing regions in the parietal lobe.  Highly involved in skilled activity, such as sports.

8. Phantom Limb Sensation  The sensation that an amputated or missing limb is still attached to the body and is in moving in accordance with the other limbs.  People with this condition also feel sensations from the missing limb, usually painful.

9. Cutaneous Sense  System of receptors located in the skin that provides information about touch, pressure, pain and temperature.  Pain: harmful stimulus- heat/cold, chemicals, break or invasion of skin.

10. Receptors  A receptor is a free nerve ending.  Mechanoreceptors: touch/pressure  Thermoreceptors: temperature  Nocioreceptors: pain  Cutaneous receptors: receptors on the skin that provide sensory information.

11. Gate Control Theory Theory of pain stating that the release of substance P in the spinal cord produces the sensation of pain. Endorphins block the release of substance P. (i.e. “Runner’s High”)

13. Acupuncture  Endorphins are responsible for the pain-relieving effects of acupuncture.  Acupuncture is an alternative medicine methodology originating in ancient China that treats patients by manipulating thin, solid needles that have been inserted into acupuncture points in the skin

14. Lamaze Method A method that prepares a mother for natural childbirth; the pregnant woman (in classes and at home) practices (usually with the help of a coach) and learns about the physiology of childbirth and techniques of relaxation, concentration, and breathing.

15. Congenital Analgesia One or more conditions where a person cannot feel and has never felt physical pain.