1. NPOESS National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System Briefing to the APAN Earth Observation Working Group January 30, 2004

2. Specialized Satellites
A Tri-agency Effort to Leverage and Combine Environmental Satellite Activities
METOP
NPOESS
NPOESS
Mission
Provide a national, operational, polar- orbiting remote-sensing capability
Achieve National Performance Review (NPR) savings by converging DoD and NOAA satellite programs
Incorporate new technologies from NASA
Encourage International Cooperation
0530
1330
0930
Specialized Satellites
Local Equatorial Crossing Time
NPOESS
Saves $1.6B through System Life Cycle compared to NPR target of $1.3B
NPOESS is Good Government!

3. NPOESS
NPOESS is required to provide an OPERATIONAL remote sensing capability to acquire and receive in real-time at field terminals, and to acquire, store and disseminate to processing centers, GLOBAL and regional environmental imagery and specialized METEOROLOGICAL, CLIMATIC, TERRESTRIAL, OCEANOGRAPHIC and SOLAR-GEOPHYSICAL and other data in support of public safety, commerce, environmental monitoring and research.

4. National Importance
Timely, accurate, and cost-effective public warnings and forecasts of severe weather events, reduce the potential loss of human life and property and advance the national economy
Support of general aviation, agriculture, and maritime communities aimed at increasing U.S. productivity
Commitment to support long-term data continuity for environmental monitoring and Global Change assessment
NPOESS Goal: Improve the Nation’s Space-Based, Remote Sensing Capabilities for Environmental Monitoring

5. Establishing NPOESS National Space Council Study - 1992
National Performance Review (NPR) - September 1993
Identified Need for Coordinated Effort
OSTP Convergence Implementation Plan submitted to Congress - May 1994
Presidential Decision Directive/NSTC-2 - May 1994
Directed Convergence of National Assets
Tri-agency Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) - May 1995
Established Roles and Responsibilities of Department of Defense, Department of Commerce, and NASA
EUMETSAT/NOAA Initial Joint Polar Agreement - November 1998
Brought in International Community

6. Two Polar-orbiting Systems
DMSP (Defense Meteorological Satellite Program)
Currently
F-14 Launched December 1994
F-15 Launched December 1999
F-16 Launched December 2003
POES (Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite)
First Launched April 1, 1960
Currently
NOAA-15 Launched May 1998
NOAA-16 Launched Sep 2000
NOAA-17 Launched Jun 2002

7. DMSP/POES to NPOESS Convergence & Evolution of Mission Areas
DoD/AF
DoD/AF
DMSP
Military
Block 6
Tri-Agency
-Imaging
- μwave Sounding
-Space Environment
-Under DMSP SPO
NPOESS
CONVERGENCE
DOC/NOAA
DOC/NOAA
Imaging
Sounding
Climate
Ozone
Space Environment
Under Integrated
Program Office
POES
Civil
OPQR
-Imaging
-Sounding
-Climate
-Ozone
-Space Environment
-Under POES Prog Office
Discontinued

8. Specialized Satellites
Evolution
DMSP/POES
NPOESS
U.S. civil and defense programs, working in partnership with EUMETSAT, will ensure improved global coverage and long-term continuity of observations at less cost!
METOP
Tomorrow (2005)
4-Orbit System
2 US Military
1 US Civilian
1 EUMETSAT/METOP
Local Equatorial Crossing Time
METOP
0530
0830
1330
0930
DMSP
POES
POES
DMSP
NPOESS
NPOESS
0730
1330
0530
1330
0530
0830
0930
POES
Specialized Satellites
Local Equatorial Crossing Time
Local Equatorial Crossing Time
DMSP
NPOESS
Today
4-Orbit System
2 US Military
2 US Civilian
Future ( )
3-Orbit System
3 US Converged
1 EUMETSAT/METOP
Specialized Satellites

9. Satellite Transition Schedule (DMSP 2yr launch centers, NPOESS GAP 6c NLF input) Slopes indicate 10-90% need CY 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
 Year Mission Life 
0530
F17
F19
F20
DMSP C3
NPOESS C6
WindSat/Coriolis
F15
F16
F18 C1
NPOESS C4
DMSP
NPOESS
POES 17
METOP
EOS-Terra
Local Equatorial Crossing Time
NPP
POES 16 N N’ C2
NPOESS C5
1330
EOS-Aqua
Earliest Need to back-up launch
Mission
Satisfaction
S/C
Deliveries
Earliest Availability FY 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
S/C delivery interval driven by 15 month IAT schedule
As of: 20 Oct 02
Launch date based on backup need
Most probable launch date

10. Building A More Capable System
First Image from TIROS-1
First Image from EOS-Terra
Mississippi Delta from the MODIS Instrument 24 February 2000

11. An End-to-End Responsibility
First image is the NOAA-L launch on Sep 21st NOAA -16 was launched on a Titan II out of Vandenburg, CA

12. NPOESS Requirements
Convergence of Alternatives
Integrated Operational Requirements Document (IORD-II)
55 Data Products
21 Enhancement Products
2 System Characteristic KPPs
Convergence of Requirements
Converged requirements provide foundation for combined program
First success after eight previous attempts

13. Sea Surface Temperature (SST)
IORD Content Example
Sea Surface Temperature (SST)
Sea Surface Temperature is defined as a highly precise measurement of the temperature of the surface layer (upper 1 meter) of ocean water It has two major applications: 1) sea surface phenomenology, and 2) use in infrared cloud/no cloud decision for processed cloud data. The accompanying requirements apply only under clear conditions (unless specified otherwise).

14. Environmental Data Records
By Discipline
Atmospheric
Oceanic
Terrestrial
Space Environment
Climate
Atmos Vert Moist Prof
Dn Lwave Rad (Sfc)
Ozone-Tot Col/Profile
Atmos Vert Temp Prof
Electric Field
Precipitable Water
Imagery
Electron Density Prof
Precip Type / Rate
Sea Surf Temp
Aero Refractive Index
Pressure (Surf/Profile)
Sea Surf Winds
Geomagnetic Field
Sea Ice Age Char
Soil Moisture
Ice Surface Temp
Sea Surface Hgt/Topo
Aero Opt Thickness
Energetic Ions
Snow Cover/Depth
Aerosol Particle Size
In-situ Plasma Fluct
Solar Irradiance
Albedo (Surface)
In-situ Plasma Temp
ST- Auroral Particles
Auroral Boundary
Downward Swave Rad
Surface Wind Stress
Auroral Imagery
Med Energy Particles
Suspended Matter
Cloud Base Height
Ionospheric Scint
Auroral Energy Depos
Cloud Cover/Layers
Land Surface Temp
Out Lwave Rad (TOA)
Cloud Eff Particle Size
Surface Type
Cloud Ice Water Path
Net Heat Flux
Cloud Liquid Water
Net Solar Rad (TOA)
Cloud Opt Thickness
Neutral Density Profile
Cloud Top Height
Total Water Content
Cloud Top Pressure
Vegetation Index
Cloud Top Temp
Ocean Color / Chlor
Cloud Part Size / Dist
Ocean Wave Char
The NPOESS sensor suites are being designed to deliver 61 primary Environmental Data Records (EDR) to end users. These measurements encompass atmospheric, oceanic, terrestrial, and solar-geophysical parameters. Complementary measurements from multiple instrument suites will improve capabilities for all-weather imaging and sounding.
<NEXT SLIDE>
LEGEND
- KPPs

15. NPOESS Program Vision The IPO and TRW/Raytheon team:
Working in a spirit of shared ownership
to develop and deploy
the single, national, polar-orbiting environmental
remote-sensing capability
to meet next-generation civil and military needs
Breaking the Mold!
Thinking “Out of the Box”
Working Together
Creating Success
The only thing they pay us for!

16. SSPR Responsibilities
Government and Contractor Share Risk
Open Communications Facilitate Insight Into Each Other’s Decisions
Integrated Management Framework (IMF) Improves Visibility
Large, Flexible Fee Pool
Approaches Commercial Returns
Meet Our Contractors Specific Motivators
Reflects Government Expectations
Success Defined As Meeting Requirements
Incentives Focus on Highest Program Risk -- Total System Integration and Performance
Shared Ownership creates a Win/Win situation

17. SSPR Responsibilities cont...
Government
Industry
Controls Performance Requirements
Controls All Aspects of Design and Manufacture
Manages SSPR Contractor
Manages All Subcontractors and Associate Contractors
Establishes Flexible, Positive Rewards
Flow Rewards to All Teammates
Teammates and Supplier Relations Established Early
Flexible Teammate and Supplier Relationships Are Earn-on, Perform to Stay, Motivated to Innovate
Ensures Industrial Base Is Maintained
Business Relationships Based on Best Business Practices
Open Communications through IMF
Open Communications through IMF

18. NPOESS Acquisition and Operation
Acquisition and Operation (A&O) Contract was awarded on August 23, 2002 to TRW for $4.5B
A&O Contract consists of:
6 satellites
Taking over all government instrument contracts
Buying all “leveraged” instruments
Integrating GFE instruments (ADCS and SARSAT)
Building and deploying all ground systems
C3 and data retrieval
Data processing hardware and software
Software for worldwide users
Operating system through IOC (2011)
With option to 2018

19. * Critical instrument - Failure constitutes need to replace satellite
NPOESS Payloads
NPOESS Instruments
METOP
NPP
TBD
0530
0930
1330
0930
1030
IPO Developed
Visible/IR Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS)* X X X X (AVHRR) X
Cross-track IR Sounder (CrIS)* X X X (IASI/HIRS) X
Conical MW Imager/Sounder (CMIS)* X X X
Ozone Mapper/Profiler Suite (OMPS) X X (GOME) X
GPS Occultation Sensor (GPSOS) X X (GRAS)
Space Environmental Sensor Suite (SESS) X X (SEM)
Aerosol Polarimetry Sensor (APS) X
Leveraged
Advanced Technology MW Sounder (ATMS)* X X X (AMSU/MHS) X
ARGOS-Data Collection System (A-DCS) X X X
Search and Rescue (SARSAT) X X X X
Earth Radiation Budget Sensor (ERBS) X
Total Solar Irradiance Sensor (TSIS) X
Radar altimeter (ALT) X
Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT) X
* Critical instrument - Failure constitutes need to replace satellite

20. NPOESS Satellite Single satellite design with common sensor locations
CMIS
CMIS - μwave imager
VIIRS - vis/IR imager
CrIS IR sounder
ATMS - μwave sounder
OMPS - ozone
GPSOS - GPS occultation
ADCS - data collection
SESS - space environment
APS aerosol polarimeter
SARSAT - search & rescue
TSIS solar irradiance
ERBS - Earth radiation budget
ALT altimeter
ATMS
CrIS
VIIRS
OMPS
ERBS
NPOESS 1330 Configuration
Single satellite design with common sensor locations

21. Instruments in Development/Production Phase
Cross-track IR Sounder
(CrIS)
ITT Industries
Visible/IR Imaging Radiometer
Suite (VIIRS)
Raytheon SBRS
Conical-scanning Microwave
Imager/Sounder (CMIS)
Boeing
Ozone Mapping & Profiler Suite
(OMPS)
Ball Aerospace
Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder
(ATMS)
Northrop Grumman

22. Visible/Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite

23. VIIRS Design

24. Compact, All Reflective Optical Design Minimizes Stray Light
Rotating Telescope
Half Angle Mirror
FMA Imager
SWMWIR
& LWIR Dewar
VisNIR/DNB FPA

25. VIIRS Data Characteristics

26. Precipitation Measurement Ocean surface wind field
Conical-scanning Microwave Imager/Sounder
All Weather Imaging
Precipitation Measurement
Ocean surface wind field
and cloud imagery

27. Cross-track Infrared Sounder
Hurricane warm core
temperature anomaly

28. Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite
Description
Collects data to permit the calculation of the vertical and horizontal distribution of Ozone in the earth’s atmosphere. Primary instrument for satisfying 1 EDR.
Specifications
Horizontal Res: Nadir (column)
Nadir (profile)
Vertical Res: 5km (tropopause thru 60km)
Heritage and Risk Reduction
TOMS - Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer
SBUV - Solar Backscatter UltraViolet
EUMETSAT - Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME) on EUMETSAT/METOP
ISIR - IR Technology demo on STS-85
SOLSE/LORE - UV Limb demo on STS-87
OMPS Limb Profiling
Contractor: Ball Aerospace
OMPS Nadir Mapper

29. GPS Occultation Sensor
Description
Measures the refraction of radiowave signals from the GPS and Russia’s Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS) to characterize the Ionosphere. Primary instrument for electron density and ionospheric profiles. Secondary measurements for tropospheric temperature and humidity profiles.
Specifications
Multiple GPS receivers to measure electron density profile
with vertical coverage 10km within 100km of E/F peaks
and 20km elsewhere
Heritage and Risk Reduction
EUMETSAT - GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) Receiver for Atmospheric Sounder (GRAS) on METOP
GPS/MET - (Global Positioning System/ Meteorology)
GLONASS
GPS
Ionosphere
Contractor: Saab Ericsson

30. Space Environmental Sensor Suite
Description
Measures the near-Earth space environment in terms of neutral and charged particles, electron and magnetic fields, and optical signatures of aurora. Primary sensor suite for satisfying 14 EDRs.
Specifications
Multiple sensors to measure auroral characteristics, geomagnetic field, electron density profile, and total electron content with 10 km vertical resolution from 60 km to 3000 km
Heritage and Risk Reduction
DMSP - Space Sensor
POES - Space Environment Monitor

31. NPOESS Segment Architecture
GPS
TDRSS
1730
Space Segment
1330
2130
Residual Satellites
NPP
Svalbard
Primary T&C
NPP SMD
WSC LEO&A
Backup T&C
Field Terminal Segment
ADCS
SARSAT
Launch Support Segment
ADS
Supplied by NOAA
CLASS
Supplied by NASA
SDS
Interface Data Processing Segment
NESDIS
AFWA
FNMOC
NAVO
15 Globally Distributed Receptor Sites
Data Handling Node
Front End
Processor
MMC at Schriever
Alternate Operations Team
MMC at Suitland
Flight Operations Team
C3 Segment

32. NPOESS Preparatory Project (NPP) Joint IPO/NASA Risk Reduction Demo
NPP Spacecraft contract awarded to Ball Aerospace – May 2002
Instrument Risk Reduction
Early delivery / instrument-level test / system-level integration and test
VIIRS - Vis/IR Imager Radiometer Suite (IPO)
CrIS - Cross-track IR Sounder (IPO)
ATMS - Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (NASA)
Provides lessons learned and allows time for any required modifications before NPOESS first launch
Ground System Risk Reduction
Early delivery and test of a subset of NPOESS-like ground system elements
Early User Evaluation of NPOESS data products
Provides algorithms / instrument verification and opportunities for instrument calibration / validation prior to first NPOESS launch
Allows for algorithm modification prior to first NPOESS launch
Continuity of data for NASA’s EOS Terra/Aqua missions

33. Communication Segment Interface Data Processing Archive & Distribution
The NPP System
Spacecraft
ATMS
Ground Support
Equipment
VIIRS
CrIS
IPO Antenna
Location X
Launch Support
Segment (LSS)
Launch vehicle
Launch support
Payload Processing
support
Command, Control &
Communication Segment
(C3S)
Interface Data Processing
Segment (IDPS)
Manage Mission (joint funding)
Manage Satellite Operations
Space/Ground Comm
Data Routing & Retrieval
Science Data
Segment (SDS)
Ingest and validate raw SMD
Process RDRs, SDRs, EDRs
Perform operations cal proc
Provide data records to
Centrals, SDS & ADS
Ingest and validate RDRs
Process RDRs to Level 1B
Generate climate data
products
Perform science cal proc
Provide Climate data to ADS
Archive & Distribution
Segment (ADS)
Ingest & validate data records
Manage archive
Interface with users
Generate user products
Track user orders
Generate accounting reports
-NOAA Funding
IPO Funding
NASA Funding

34. Calibration/Validation
To tie it all together and make it work….
Calibration
Absolute Accuracy
Polarization Purity
Geolocation Accuracy
Instrument Stability
Doppler Correction
Antenna Pattern Correction
Validation
Ocean Wind Speed
Water Vapor
Cloud Water
Rain Rate
Sea Ice
Soil Moisture
Snow water
Land Temp
Lower Air Profiles
Upper Air Profiles
Mission Success
Meet Specification
Operational production of synoptic maps and profiles of critical atmospheric, oceanographic and land parameters
Quality Control
Ensures
Users
NWP
Real-time tactical
Non-tactical
JTWC
NHC
JIC
Others

35. IDPS Products Environmental Data Records
Cloud Top Heights
VIIRS – Visible/Infrared Imager/Radiometer Suite
Cloud Layers
Total Precipitable Water
Surface Temperature
Environmental Properties Displayed at VIIRS Pixel Locations

36. Environmental Observing
Natural Hazards
Detection and Mapping
Ozone Monitoring
Multi-spectral Hurricane Mapping and Profiling
Sea Surface Temperature Ocean Circulation
All Weather Imaging
Precipitation Measurement
Snow and Ice
Mapping and Monitoring

37. Protect Safety of Life and Property Improve Accuracy of Severe Weather Warnings
Improved Microwave Imagery/Sounding products will improve prediction of wind speed and direction
Increase in hurricane landfall forecast skill will save an estimated $1 million per mile of coastline that does not have to be evacuated
Improved early warnings mitigate the devastating effects of floods through disaster planning and response

38. Other Benefits to the Civilian Community
NPOESS will improve ability to predict El Niño. A 60% increase in El Niño forecast skill will save $183 million per year over 12 year period.
Ice monitoring for shipping
Snow cover mapping - spring flood prediction

39. Fine-scale visible cloud imagery from DMSP satellite and
Fine-Scale METSAT and Forecasting
Fine-scale visible cloud imagery
from DMSP satellite and
9-hour forecast of 4 Km
clouds using MM5
0730Z 10 Aug
12Z 10 Aug
1618Z 10 Aug
Balkans
16Z 10 Aug

40. Fine-Scale METSAT and Forecasting
Future of fine-scale weather forecasting
is combining high-resolution satellite
data with numerical weather prediction
and producing visualizations with impact
Nebraska
12 Km
4 Km
Nebraska

41. NPOESS Benefits the Nation
Accurate forecasts are critical to the protection of life, safety, and property
NPOESS data will improve forecasts and warnings
Improved forecasts will
Reduce loss of life and property
benefit US industry through increased productivity
NPOESS will maintain long-term data continuity for climate monitoring and assessment

42. Additional COnsiderations
Each satellite will produce approximately 2 TB of data per day
RDRs – Raw Data Records
SDRs – Sensor Data Records – calibrated geolocated
EDRs – Environmental Data Records – products
NPP will not have direct broadcast
NPOESS will have direct broadcast, but receiving station costs will make electronic data transfers attractive.
Distribution of NPP and NPOESS data to the Asia Pacific region could be a major new EO-WG objective.
If there is interest in this the requirement for NPP and NPOESS data needs to be expressed to the national representatives of the GEO.