The Geography of Africa.

The Geography of Africa

A Satellite View

The Mighty Nile River: “Longest River in the World”

The Sahara Desert

Mountains & Peaks Atlas Mts. Δ Mt. Kenya Δ Mt. Kilimanjaro
Ruwenzori Mts. Drajensburg Mts.

Bodies Of Water Mediterranean Sea Red Sea Nile River Niger River
L. Chad--> <--Gulf of Aden L. Albert--> Congo River L. Victoria L. Tanganyika-> Indian Ocean Atlantic Ocean Zambezi River Limpopo River Orange River Pacific Ocean

Africa Empires of west Africa Physical Features

The Empire of Ghana, pg. 130 Ghana was an empire
There was an important city named Koubmi Saleh that was a major trading post People would come here to trade goods To rest, sleep, eat Make money by selling goods Get goods to go back and sell to others GOLD AND SALT WERE THE MOST VALUABLE RESOURCES

Salt was just as valuable as gold because it was used to flavor, spice and preserve food, especially meat

Ghana’s leaders taxed traders passing through the Kingdom on the Niger
and Senegal Rivers 1. people wanted gold for its beauty and salt for their diets

The Niger River Basin Covers 7.5% of the continent.
Extends over 10 countries. 2,600 miles long.

Vegetation Zones

Libyan Desert Deserts Sahara Desert Sahel Namib Desert Kalahari Desert

Valleys & Plains Great Rift Valley

The Sahel

Ghana controls trade A. Gold to the south and salt from the
Sahara made it rich by 800AD.

Ghana Builds an Empire, pgs. 133-135
By 800, Ghana was in control trade routes of West Africa’s _________ Taxes and Gold Ghana’s rulers looked for ways 2. money to make _____ from the traders passing through Ghana 3. Rulers expected traders to pay tax on goods they carried in & out

Ghana’s Resources The Niger River (pg. 131)
a) water (people, animals, crops) b) trade a long the river (down stream) c) gold d) salt e) ivory f) gold g) copper h) slaves i) food

4. Name 4 sources that contributed to 4. a. goods-in
Ghana’s wealth b. goods-out c. tax tribes d. gold Expansion of the Empire, pg. 134 5. Ghana’s kings used their wealth to build a powerful _________ army 6. The empire of Ghana reached its Tunka peak under king Manin

Ghana’s Decline, pg. 134 7. collapsed By 1200, Ghana ____________ Three factors why Ghana collapsed invasion a. Muslims attacked them and converted the people to Islam b. overgrazing b. animals ate too much grass which exposed the soil to open winds that blew away the fertile soil leaving behind worthless soil for growing crops c. internal c. the people who were conquered rebellion by Ghana rose up and rebelled taking over the entire empire

II. Ghana defeated A. In 1074, Almoravids capture
Koumbi Saleh and destroy trade

Copy this info. at the top of the page
Cornell Notes Copy this info. at the top of the page The Empire of Mali Section 2 Pages

Sundiata begins an empire
1. fought to gain Mali’s independence 2. beans, cotton, rice were introduced to the empire 3. Mali took over gold, salt trade 4. unlike later leaders he was not Muslim

A. Like Ghana, its location on the
Empire of Mali ( ) A. Like Ghana, its location on the fertile upper Niger River made food plentiful

The Empire of Mali: pgs. 136-141; HSS 7.4.3
Sundiata Makes Mali an Empire, pg. 136 Mali is located along the upper Niger River 2. This location has fertile soil 3. It’s location allowed the people to control ________ on the river trade 4. Mali’s rise to power came under the ruler named Sundiata

The Empire of Mali: pgs. 136-141; HSS 7.4.3
Beginnings of the Empire, pg. 136 5. Sundiata was the son of a previous 6. He conquered nearby kingdoms including Ghana according to legend 5. king Improvements in Mali, pg. 137 7. List the items that were grown and traded items/crops a. gold b. salt c. beans d. onions e. rice f. cotton

Consolidation of Power, pg. 137
8. kingdom Under Sundiata, Mali grew into a prosperous… 9. Sunidiata wanted to be the main leader, so he took power away from local leaders 10 mansa the local leaders gave him the title _______ Mansas had both _________ and _______ a. political authority b. religious

Mansa Musa will be discussed tomorrow.
Consolidation of Power, pg. 138 12. Muslim After Sundiata died, the next rulers were ______________ . The Fall of Mali, pg. l40 13. leaders Mali’s success depended on its strong ____ 14. weak Mali fell because there were _____ leaders 15. size One reason why Mali fell was because of its… 16. large The empire became so ____, the gov. could not control it. 17. nomads ______ from the Sahara seized Timbuktu Mansa Musa will be discussed tomorrow.

Acrostic Student Brainstorm: think of the main events that we have studied in ch. 5. Created an acrostic about the empire of Ghana. Use each letter to represent in the name Ghana to help you remember something important that we have studied.

Ghana Objectives: Use your textbook or class notes for ideas
Work with a partner Make sure your words relate to what we have studied Use educational thoughts and ideas (no slang or irrelevant ideas) Ghana

Directions Write the word in your spiral notebook G H A N
2. Brainstorm and think of all of the main ideas that we have studied in Ch. 6, section 1 pgs 3. Use each letter to represent a main idea or a fact that you have learned. 4. Please think about the most important ideas 5. Do not use slang words, keep this assignment educational. 6. Draw 2-3 pictures along the perimeter to represent these ideas

B rter = exchange goods old traded for salt G h a n
and delivered salt by camel caravan B rter = exchange goods iger River and Timbuktu (culture and learning center) S S hara Desert

Have Fun!

Ch. 5 Acrostic Assignment

Great Rift Valley 3,000 miles long

Africa: The “Tropical” Continent
Tropic of Cancer 20° N Africa: The “Tropical” Continent Equator 0° Tropic of Capricorn 20° S

Vegetation Zones

The African Savannah: 13 million sq. mi.

Chapter 6 Section 1 pgs

Mansa Musa’s Famous Pilgrimage
Cross-Curricular Reading and Writing Assignment

please copy the question and write out the answer
Ch. 6, Section 1 Review please copy the question and write out the answer Ghana is located in a. northeastern Africa b. northwestern Africa c. the middle of Africa 2. Which valuable items were just as valuable as the other a. gold b. salt c. copper choose 2 answers

3. Define silent barter- 4. List 4 sources that contributed to Ghana’s wealth a c. b d.

5. Give 3 reasons why Ghana collapsed a. b. c. 6. Define overgrazing

Mansa Musa 1. Pg. 139 Timbuktu (important trading city at the height of Mali’s power under the ruler, Mansa Musa. 2. Mansa means he had political and religious power. He Ruled over the region named Mali for over 25 years 3. Most famous Muslim king who was powerful, successful, wealthy and very generous. 4. Who was the son of the powerful king named Sundiata 5. Helped Islam spread throughout western Africa 6. He build mosques, emphasized education, Arabic ( “read the Qur’an”)

Preview the writing prompt before we read “ Mansa Musa’s hajj was one of the grandest grand tours ever recorded. The spectacular wealth displayed by his entourage so dazzled the people on his line of march that their descendants still talked about it one hundred years after it occurred.”

Feel free to use these facts on the Mansa Musa’s Famous Pilgrimage
Mansa Musa’s journey included lots of money, camel-loads of gold dust, each load weighing about 300 pounds, 60,000 men including family members, servants, doctors teachers and his closest friends. Include at least 1 additional fact to go along with this same idea.

Title = Sundiata 1. Who was Sundiata? He was one of the first leaders of Mali. 2. Why was he important? He build a huge army and helped improved agriculture. 3. Add an addition 1-2 facts about him 4. Add a picture of him 5. Or add a picture of the Empire of Mali

Slide # 3 Title = Mansa Musa
Who was Mansa Musa? In 1307, Mansa Musa became the leader of Mali. 2. Why was he important? He ruled the empire of Mali for twenty-five years. He extended the boundaries of the empire, he encouraged many to become Muslim and he encouraged the spread of learning because he loved the arts, architecture, literature, etc. 3. Add a picture of him

Slide # 4 Title = Mansa Musa’s Empire
Mansa Musa captured Timbuktu, Gao, and Djenne, three very important cities. 2. Tell why these cities are important. Give at least 3 reasons. 3. Add a picture or a map of one of these three cities or a map that shows all three

Slide #5 Title = Mansa Musa’s Famous Pilgrimage
1. A hajj and pilgrimage mean they mean the same thing. 2. Mansa Musa was on his way to Make a pilgrimage to Mecca, Saudi Arabia. 3. Where was Mansa Musa’s first stop? To what city and country? He stopped at Cairo, Egypt in 1324. 4. Include one additional fact to go along with this idea.

Feel free to use these slides for Musa’s Famous Pilgrimage
Mansa Musa was very famous. He gave away elaborate gifts including the camel-loads of gold. He gave away so much gold that the price of gold fell sharply. Include 1-2 additional facts about his elaborate gifts.

Assignment Read aloud as a class
Brainstorm and write down ideas to write about We have already learned about this, so we will use our lecture notes and tap into a prior knowledge of this topic Practice responding to a writing prompt or a quote

Slide #6 Title = Mansa Musa Converts People to Islam
He encouraged people to read and write in Arabic. He the people of Mali to read the Qur’an

Timbuktu 1. Where is Timuktu located?
2. Give three important facts about the city. 3. Include a picture.

Brainstorming What did he bring with him? 1. 2. 3. 4.

Camel Caravan 1.How many men? 2. Who did he bring with him? 3. 4.

I appreciate your efforts
Great Job! I appreciate your efforts

Class Brainstorm: write these ideas on the white board
Class Brainstorm: write these ideas on the white board. Students take notes in your spiral notebook. Where was his first stop? 2. Why did he stop? 3. Where was he going? 4. What did he do here? 5. Other ideas:

Where is this mosque located?
country? city? 2. Define hajj or pilgrimage 3. It is one of the ____ Pillars of _________ 4. The pilgrimage occurs from the 8th to 12th day of the 12th month of the Islamic calendar video clip

If and only if you are completely finished…
You may research a topic that is related to ancient Africa and add onto your presentation. Only if you are completely finished.

Directions Type all slides first Research additional topics/questions
Add pictures Edit your work; proof read Save your work Then add background color and special effects last

Respect all school property
Have fun Work quietly Respect all school property

Save Your Work Remember to continue to save your work in case you hit the wrong button and your work dissappears. 2. I recommend saving after every 2 slides that you create 3. Go to File, Save As 4. Select My Documents 5. Give your file a name, and select save 6. The next time you save, go to File, Save

Spacing Use the space bar to scoot words over
2. Use the backspace button to back-up 3. Highlight and hit the delete key to get rid of words

Colored Words Type the word Highlight the word
Go to the top of the screen, Format, click on the color, size, style

Add another Slide 1. Insert, New Slide

Insert a Picture right-click on the picture, select copy
Go to your slide, click the mouse one time, and right-click on the mouse, paste 3. Clip Art: Go to Insert, Picture, Clip Art, and double-click on the picture

Add Special Effects Do this only after you are finished with the typing, and pictures Go to Slide Show, Custom Animimation Add an Effect

How to see your Show? Go to Slide Show, View Show
Right-click to end the show

Move the slides around Click on the Small box with 4 squares to move boxes around Double-click on one of the boxes to get out of this option

Printing Handouts 1. The cost for printing is .10 per page
2. Only print if you have money on Wednesday when you are finished. 3. Go to file, print 4. Select 5. Select black and white 6. Get permission to print. 7. See the previous slide if you are confused. Handouts

get permission to print
Click on “Print What” Select Black and White

What do we do with our printed slides?
PowerPoint book is due next Wed. Colored neatly For homework, due next Wed., you will cut out each slide (square) Simply cut along the black edges Put the slides in order to create a book Since we used a black and white printer, use markers or colored pencils to color each slide 5. Color the following: a. the titles b. every picture c. do not scribble over the words with markers or colored pencils d. this should look neat e. in class, we will place construction paper on the front and back and then staple all work in the form of a small book.

Talking and Disruptive Behavior
1. One verbal warning 2. 2nd time you are spoken to, you will be sent out of the room to write 5 standards 3. If you still talk when you come back, you will be dismissed from this assignment and be expected to make it up during lunch detention. 4. Students are not productive when they talk and work at the same time. 5. This assignment is due today at the end of the period.

African Rain Forest Annual rainfall of up to 17 ft.
Rapid decomposition (very humid). Covers 37 countries. 15% of the land surface of Africa.

Mt. Kilimanjaro: Snow on the Equator?

The Complete Topography Of AFRICA
Mediterranean Sea Atlas Mts. Libyan Desert The Complete Topography Of AFRICA Tropic of Cancer 20° N Sahara Desert Red Sea Sahel Nile River Niger River L. Chad--> Great Rift Valley <--Gulf of Aden L. Albert--> Equator 0° Δ Mt. Kenya Congo River L. Victoria Δ Mt. Kilimanjaro L. Tanganyika-> Indian Ocean Ruwenzori Mts. Atlantic Ocean Zambezi River Namib Desert Kalahari Desert Limpopo River Tropic of Capricorn 20° S Orange River Drajensburg Mts. Pacific Ocean

Natural Resources

IV. Mansa Musa Mali’s famous Muslim king 1. hired artists & architects
to build mosques 2. sent scholars to study in Morocco 3. stressed importance of reading and writing in Arabic 4. tolerant of other religions

Mansa Musa will be discussed tomorrow.
Consolidation of Power, pg. 138 12. Muslim After Sundiata died, the next rulers were ______________ . The Fall of Mali, pg. l40 13. leaders Mali’s success depended on its strong ____ 14. weak Mali fell because there were _____ leaders 15. size One reason why Mali fell was because of its… 16. large The empire became so ____, the gov. could not control it. 17. nomads ______ from the Sahara seized Timbuktu Mansa Musa will be discussed tomorrow.

Desertification

Camel Caravan 1.How many men? 2. Who did he bring with him? 3. 4.

write your name, per. and date on the back of your paper Glue your paragraph here. You may write it on white lined paper or write directly onto the paper. You should have the following 1. Title centered at the top of the paragraph 2. Create a topic sentence 3. Have 3-5 complete sentences describing the pilgrimage 4. Write a concluding sentence 5. Be neat and picture must be colored

Brainstorming What did he bring with him? 1. 2. 3. 4.

Assignment Read aloud as a class
Brainstorm and write down ideas to write about We have already learned about this, so we will use our lecture notes and tap into a prior knowledge of this topic Practice responding to a writing prompt or a quote

Class Brainstorm: write these ideas on the white board
Class Brainstorm: write these ideas on the white board. Students take notes in your spiral notebook. Where was his first stop? 2. Why did he stop? 3. Where was he going? 4. What did he do here? 5. Other ideas:

Textbook reading pgs

Class Supplement, read pg. 53-57
Read together as a class Brainstorm together using the textbook and class notes Create a graphic organizer to gather our thoughts Discuss the topic sentence Discuss the important details (3-5) Discuss the concluding sentence

Assignment Objective Read about Mansa Musa’s famous pilgrimage to Mecca, Saudi Arabia. 2. Write a paragraph to describe his journey. 3. Cross-curricular assignment: reading comprehension and writing paragraphs

Assignment Please turn in your graphic organizer with your assignment
Write one paragraph describing the famous pilgrimage on notebook paper Trim off the holes on your paper located along the left-hand margin Draw and color a picture to go along with the writing assignment Glue the paragraph to the bottom of the page

Assignment Checklist Completed graphic organizer
Create a well-written paragraph describing the pilgrimage Use your best writing Draw and color a picture to go along with the paragraph Glue the paragraph to the picture. Make sure it is located at the bottom of the picture

gifts, 60,000 (draw people), Saudi Arabia, Mecca, Cairo Egypt, etc.
Pilgrimage, camel caravan, gold, money, salt, gifts, 60,000 (draw people), Saudi Arabia, Mecca, Cairo Egypt, etc. Class Notes- remember to see your class notes in your spiral notebook for ideas. You can see the notes we brainstormed and wrote together in class or preview the notes we took for each slide for the PowerPoint Presentation.

Where is this mosque located?
country? city? 2. Define hajj or pilgrimage 3. It is one of the ____ Pillars of _________ 4. The pilgrimage occurs from the 8th to 12th day of the 12th month of the Islamic calendar video clip

Write your ideas: Cornell Notes
1. 2. 3. What are we writing about? Topic sentence Supporting Details

Developing the Paragraph
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. What was he going to do?

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Where was he going?

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Who did he bring with him?

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. What did he bring with him?

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Where was his first stop?

1. 2. 3. 5. What did he do here? What things did he give away Other facts

1. 2. 3. 5. Why did he go on the pilgrimage? Where was he going? Other facts

B. Sunni Ali unified and enlarged empire
V. Songhai empire A. Defeated Mali after Mansa Musa’s death B. Sunni Ali unified and enlarged empire 1. his son Sunni Baru was not Muslim and was overthrown a. people thought empire would lose trade and power C. Askia the Great led rebellion & defeated Sunni Baru 1. created specialized government offices & a permanent professional army

VI. Songhai Falls to Morocco
A. Moroccans troops invade to gain control of salt mines 1. They were successful because of a new weapon: the arquebus an early form of a gun

VII. African Traditions A. griots were storytellers who passed down
oral history 1.proverbs: short sayings of wisdom or truth 2. the Dausi and the Sundiata are “epics” or long poems that tell of kingdoms and heroes

B. Music and dance: entertainment and a way to celebrate history
1. traditions carried on at weddings & funerals

C. Religion 1.Malians believe their ancestors
made an agreement w/spirits of the land who made sure the food grew

C. Clothing: 1. Kente cloth used for special occasions

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