1. Compositional Language(s) Instructor: Prof. SIGMAN Tuesday 13:00-15:00 Lecture IV

2. Announcements Assignment I submission!!! Next week = 추석 ! Questions? ( 질 문 ?) Course Website: http://www.lxsigman.com/clgfall2012/index.h tm http://www.lxsigman.com/clgfall2012/index.h tm

3. Assignment II Due 학요일, 09 October (in 2 주 !) On Harmony: weeks 3 and 4 To be posted to website later today!

4. 0. Review: Typical Musical Parameters Pitch ( 고 저 ) Rhythm (Pulse/Meter) Melody Harmony ( 학 성 ) Dynamic Register Timbre ( 음 색 ) Texture ( 결 ) Orchestration

5. I. Last Week Class Review Any questions? OK on common practice harmony?

6. Last Week: Main topics Pythagoras, Plato, Boethius and the “harmony of the spheres” Defining tonality: syntax and function categories (tonic, dominant, pre-dominant) Harmonic Analysis Non-Chord Tones (NCT)

7. Tonal Analysis Review 1) Inversions and seventh chords 2) Triad and Seventh Chord Qualities (major, minor, augmented, diminished) 3) Cadences (PAC/IAC/HC/DC) 4) Tonicisation vs. Modulation

8. Non-Chord Tone (NCT) Review 1) Passing tone (PT) 2) Upper neighbour (UN)/Lower Neighbour (LN) 3) Suspension (SUS) 4) Retardation (RET) 5) Appoggiatura (App) 6) Echappée (ET) 7) Anticipation (Ant)

9. [Examples]

10. II. Harmony in the Early 20 th Century Suspended Dominants (Debussy and Ravel) Emancipation of the Dissonance (Schönberg) Polytonality (Stravinsky) Clusters (Cowell)

11. A. Post-Tonal Tendencies I: The Tristan Chord (Tristan und Isolde, 1865)

12. (Tristan Chord) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tristan_chord

13. B. Debussy: “Long and Tall” V Chords http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F5A4CkUAazI

14. “Scalar Collections” V 7 + 9+11+13+15….

15. C. Schönberg: The Emancipation of the Dissonance “dissonances are the more remote consonances of the overtone series… ”

16. Emancipation of the dissonance Emancipation (Emanzipation/Befreiung) = 해 방 Dissonance = 불협화음

17. What is “emancipated?”

18. Ex) Schönberg, Op. 19 No.4 (1911) Atonal Emphasis on seventh chords http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k8l5wx- BA6I http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k8l5wx- BA6I

19. Ex) Webern, Variations op. 27, mvt. 1 (1936) Serial (12-tone) pitch organisation M7 emphasis Each pitch = placed in 1 register ( = pitch class and pitch height fixed!) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S0MvEUh 5yKA http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S0MvEUh 5yKA

20. D. Polytonality Polytonality = many keys at once Bitonality = 2 keys at once Poly = many ( 많 은 ) Bi = 2 Found in Stravinsky, Milhaud, Honegger, Bartok, Ives

21. Stravinsky Examples 1. Pétrouchka, “Chez Pétrouchka” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wxpy8Jg4 6dI http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wxpy8Jg4 6dI 2. Le sacre du printemps http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ceglu9ms Rbo (from 3:00) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ceglu9ms Rbo

22. E. Henry Cowell (1897-1965) : New Musical Resources (1930)

23. Cowell’s Tone Clusters

24. Ex) Cowell, The Tides of Manaunaun (1917) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pgn4SQFg U9Y http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pgn4SQFg U9Y Also found in Charles Ives, Carl Ruggles, and many later composers

25. F. Quartal and Quintal Harmony Preference for 4ths and 5ths over 3rds Ex) Hindemith and Aaron Copland

26. II. Harmony in the Later 20 th Century

27. A. Olivier Messiaen (1908-1992) “modes of limited transposition” Pitches fixed in register Chords as motives Bird song transcription Chords also associated with colours, stones, and the harmonics of church bells ( 카 리 용 ) Ex) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xLf98HyH qtg http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xLf98HyH qtg

28. B. Gérard Grisey (1946-1998) Spectralism (or spectral music) Harmonic analysis of acoustic instruments Application of analysis to harmony, rhythm, form, and orchestration Harmonic series as “mode of limited transposition”

29. Example: Grisey, Partiels (1975) Analysis of trombone harmonic series on E2….

30. Partiels …”orchestrated” for 18 instruments: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GRRwk3h wrDI s http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GRRwk3h wrDI

31. [Overtone Series Extremes…]