1. OPPURTUNITIES IN INDIAN INFRASTRUCTURE M. VENKATARAMAN, Advisor, GWRL
Engineered Solution Provider in Geosynthetics
OPPURTUNITIES IN INDIAN INFRASTRUCTURE
WITH GEOSYNTHETICS By
M. VENKATARAMAN, Advisor, GWRL

2. NEW CHALLENGES
In recent years, while providing a solution, the Engineer has to face increased challenges:
Various site constraints like space, alignments etc.
Tight time schedules
Ensure max. usage of local resources (Material & Manpower), hence Cost effective!!
Least environment impact
Long term performance & higher Cost benefit ratio over a larger period of time (Least maintenance cost)
M.Venkataraman, GWRL.

3. SOLUTION !!!
USE OF APPROPRIATE GEOSYNTHETIC MATERIALS OFFERS THE POSSIBILITY TO SOLVE OR DRASTICALLY REDUCE THE PROBLEMS
M.Venkataraman, GWRL.

4. INTRODUCTION TO GEOSYNTHETICS
Geosynthetics – a planar product manufactured from polymeric materials used with rock, earth, or other geotechnical engineering related material as an integral part of a human-made project, structure, or system.
M.Venkataraman, GWRL.

5. GEOSYNTHETICS
CONCRETE & STEEL
GEOSYNTHETICS
M.Venkataraman, GWRL.

6. FUNCTIONS OF GEOSYNTHETICS
Separation
Filtration
Reinforcement
Drainage
Containment
M.Venkataraman, GWRL.

7. Geogrids (Uniaxial &Biaxial) Geosynthetic Clay Liners
OUR PRODUCT RANGE
Geogrids (Uniaxial &Biaxial)
Geotextiles
Nonwoven
Woven
Geosynthetic Clay Liners
Geonet
Geomembranes
M.Venkataraman, GWRL.

8. OUR PRODUCT RANGE Gabions PVD Steel Wire Polymer Rope Anco Drain
Boulder Net
GARMAT
M.Venkataraman, GWRL.

9. OUR KEY SECTORS GEOSYNTHETICS DIVN. ENV.PROTECTION INFRASTRUCTURE
ROADS
LANDFILL ENGINEERING
RAILWAYS
COASTAL PROTECTION
GROUND IMPROVEMENT
ROCKFALL PROTECTION
CANAL LINING
FLOOD CONTROL
M.Venkataraman, GWRL.

10. PRODUCTS & THEIR APPLICATIONS
M.Venkataraman, GWRL.

11. PRODUCT & APPLICATION Steel Wire Gabions and Mattresses
Form a variety of Monolithic Structures when filled with boulders.
Find application as Retaining walls, Erosion and scour protection works, Hydraulic / Coastal structures for River and Channel Protection like Weirs, Check Dams, Groynes, etc.
PP Rope Gabions and Mattresses
Collapsible Sausages used in Underwater Applications to form structures like breakwaters, seawalls, groynes, and aprons.
M.Venkataraman, GWRL.

12. PRODUCT & APPLICATION Steel Wire Rope Nets
Rockfall Protection System used on high cuttings.
Woven Multifilament Geotextiles
Used as Separator and filter in roads and railways.
Used as reinforcement in Ground Improvement and Reinforced Slopes.
Made into Geotextile Tubes, Containers and Bags for use in shore and bank protection works as groynes, breakwaters, sea walls, etc.
Geomat (Mulch mat)
Promotes micro-reinforced vegetation and effectively controls erosion of top soil.
M.Venkataraman, GWRL.

13. PRODUCT & APPLICATION Uniaxial Geogrids Biaxial Geogrids
Characterized by High Strength at low strain along the principal direction; Used in Reinforced soil structures.
Biaxial Geogrids
Structural performance by interlocking mechanism; Possess high aperture stability and junction strength; Used in ground stabilization, pavements and trackbed stabilization.
Nonwoven Geotextiles
Used as drainage layer, geomembrane protection layer and filter.
M.Venkataraman, GWRL.

14. PRODUCT & APPLICATION HDPE Geomembranes Geosynthetic Clay Liners
Impermeable sheets used as barriers to liquid and vapors; Finds application in landfills, canal lining, reservoir lining, gypsum pond lining, etc.
Geosynthetic Clay Liners
Consists of a continuous layer of natural sodium bentonite powder, sandwiched between geotextiles; Acts as hydraulic barrier.
Geonets
Net like structure exclusively used for their in-plane drainage function.
M.Venkataraman, GWRL.

15. WOVEN GEOTEXTILES Filter - Woven geotextiles
Woven Geotextile - Separator (Thane, Mumbai)
Geogrid Wraparound Wall at CH. 48 KM & CH. 50 KM,
Lucknow - Muzaffarpur National Highway Project
Filter - Woven geotextiles
M.Venkataraman, GWRL.

16. WOVEN GEOTEXTILES
Reinforcement, Vishakapatnam Airport, Andhra Pradesh
Separator - Approach Embankment for Bridge across Vasista, Godavari at Chinchinada, A.P. (N H 5A)3
M.Venkataraman, GWRL.

17. Shankarpur to Halda, West Bengal, India
WOVEN GEOTEXTILES
Filter Material
GEOTEXTILE TUBE - SHORE PROTECTION
Geotextile Tube
HWL
Geotextile Bags
Woven Geotextile
Shore Protection Works :
Shankarpur to Halda, West Bengal, India
Geotextile Bags – Toe Protection
Geotextile Tube
Geotextile Bags
After installation - During High Tide
M.Venkataraman, GWRL.

18. Lining of Dry Gypsum Pond, Coromandal Fertilizers Ltd.,
NONWOVEN GEOTEXTILES
Lining of Dry Gypsum Pond, Coromandal Fertilizers Ltd.,
Vishakapatnam
Protection Layer,
Doodhganga Canal Project,
Kolhapur, Maharashtra
M.Venkataraman, GWRL.

19. Protection Layer in Landfills, HZL, Visakhapatnam, A.P
NONWOVEN GEOTEXTILES
Protection Layer in Landfills, HZL, Visakhapatnam, A.P
M.Venkataraman, GWRL.

20. UNIAXIAL GEOGRIDS Tensar® Geogrid Reinforced Soil Wall System at CSEB,
RS Wall with Gabion Facia and Geogrid as reinforcement at Bellary, Karnataka)
Tensar® Geogrid Reinforced Soil Wall System at CSEB,
– Inner Side View, towards deck slab (Korba, India)
M.Venkataraman, GWRL.

21. UNIAXIAL GEOGRIDS Geogrid Wraparound Wall at CH. 48 KM & CH. 50 KM,
Lucknow - Muzaffarpur National Highway Project
M.Venkataraman, GWRL.

22. BIAXIAL GEOGRIDS
Installation of Tensar SSLA30 Biaxial Geogrid at ballast level (Kazipet-Ballarshah section,, South Central Railway)
Subgrade Stabilization using Tensar Biaxial Geogrids
Talasari - Udhava Major Dist. Road, PWD, Maharashtra
M.Venkataraman, GWRL.

23. Ground Improvement for Tank Foundation, HPCL, Mundra, Gujarat
BIAXIAL GEOGRIDS
Ground Improvement for Tank Foundation, HPCL, Mundra, Gujarat
M.Venkataraman, GWRL.

24. HDPE GEOMEMBRANE Doodhganga Canal Project (Kolhapur, Maharashtra)
Reservoir Lining, Finolex Industries, Maharashtra
Lining of Dry Gypsum Pond, Coromandal Fertilizers Ltd.,
Vishakapatnam
M.Venkataraman, GWRL.

25. Landfill, HZL Visakhapatnam, A.P
HDPE GEOMEMBRANE
PCMC Landfill, Pune
Landfill, HZL Visakhapatnam, A.P
M.Venkataraman, GWRL.

26. Groynes - Varsoli Creek, Alibaug, Maharashtra
POLYMER ROPE GABIONS
Shore Erosion - Swaminarayan Temple, Gujarat, India
Groynes - Varsoli Creek, Alibaug, Maharashtra
M.Venkataraman, GWRL.

27. Narmada Bank Protection Works, Madhi, Gujarat
POLYMER ROPE GABIONS
Revetment - Anti Erosion Sea Bund
Morbhagwa, Gujarat, India
Narmada Bank Protection Works, Madhi, Gujarat
M.Venkataraman, GWRL.

28. Gabion Retaining Wall – Lavasa
STEEL GABIONS
Reinforced Soil System with Gabion Facia, MRPL, Mangalore
Gabion Facia
GarmatTM
Reinforced
Soil
Gabion Retaining Wall – Lavasa
Slope Retention works at Sakleshpur – Subhramanya Road Section, South Western Railways, Mysore Division
M.Venkataraman, GWRL.

29. Toe Protection Works – Central Railways
STEEL GABIONS
Abutment Protection Works, JJKR Section & DKB Line, East Coast Railways
Bridge Abutment, Central Railways, Mumbai Division
Toe Protection Works – Central Railways
M.Venkataraman, GWRL.

30. Bank Protection, Gujarat
STEEL GABIONS
Flood Protection Works, Mula River, Pune
Tapi River Bank Protection under Construction using Steel Gabions, Barimata, Surat, Gujarat)
Bank Protection, Gujarat
M.Venkataraman, GWRL.

31. STEEL GABIONS Jetty, Gujarat
Gabion Mattresses in Revetments, HCC Teesta
M.Venkataraman, GWRL.

32. GarmatTM Erosion Control Mat (Mahanadi Coal Fields, Talcher, Orissa)
(HZL, Vishakapatnam, Andhra Pradesh)
GarmatTM Erosion Control Mat
(Mahanadi Coal Fields, Talcher, Orissa)
Before
After
M.Venkataraman, GWRL.

33. ANCO DRAIN
Anco Drain
Anco Drain
MRPL, Mangalore
M.Venkataraman, GWRL.

34. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Properties :
Polymer Composition, Structure & Physical
Properties
Mechanical Properties
Hydraulic Properties
Survivability
Installation Practices
UV Resistance
M.Venkataraman, GWRL.

35. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Present Scenario:
For any application, the technical specification includes all the properties irrespective of the function to be satisfied
It is significant to specify the properties essential for the function
Eg: For Reinforcement application
It is more relevant to specify long-term strength and strength at 2% and 5% strain rather than Ultimate Strength
M.Venkataraman, GWRL.

36. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Dictates the exact materials and processes to be used in a project
No guarantee that the best available product is delivered
They focus on the Process and not on the Final Output (Performance)
M.Venkataraman, GWRL.

37. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Properties Influencing Effective Performance of the Product
FUNCTIONS
PROPERTIES
Separation
AOS
Filtration
AOS & Permittivity
Drainage
AOS & In-Plane Permeability
Reinforcement
Tensile Strength,
Secant Modulus
M.Venkataraman, GWRL.

38. GEOGRIDS IN PAVEMENTS Mechanism of Working
Lateral Restraint thro’ Better Confinement and Interlocking
M.Venkataraman, GWRL.

39. GEOGRIDS IN PAVEMENTS
Properties Influencing Effective Performance of the Product
Rib Thickness & Shape
Aperture Size & Shape
M.Venkataraman, GWRL.

40. Junction Strength & Rigidity
GEOGRIDS IN PAVEMENTS
Properties Influencing Effective Performance of the Product
Junction Strength & Rigidity
Junction Efficiency
Aperture Rigidity
Radial Stiffness
Secant Modulus
M.Venkataraman, GWRL.

41. PERFORMANCE RELATED SPECIFICATIONS (PRS)
Performance specifications describe how the finished product should perform over time
It is the bridge between design, construction quality, and long-term product performance
Specifications that use quantified quality characteristics and life cycle cost relationships correlated to product performance.
M.Venkataraman, GWRL.

42. PERFORMANCE RELATED SPECIFICATIONS (PRS)
Performance Parameters
– Depends on the Product and the application
Governing Factors
End Result Elements:
- Bearing capacity, stability, settlements, cracking, etc.,
Functional Requirements:
Smoothness, friction, etc.,
M.Venkataraman, GWRL.

43. PERFORMANCE RELATED SPECIFICATIONS Fundamental Requirements:
Critical Quality Characteristics
Measurable and tied to product performance
Prediction Tools (modelling and databases)
Verified, calibrated, validated, and made appropriate for local conditions
Life Cycle Cost Analyses (LCCA)
To compare the as-designed product section to the as-built section
M.Venkataraman, GWRL.

44. PERFORMANCE RELATED SPECIFICATIONS
Benefits
Improved link between Design and Construction
Improved and focused testing on characteristics related to performance
Promoting best practices to improve quality
Improving Flexibility, Efficiency and Value of the system
M.Venkataraman, GWRL.

45. PERFORMANCE RELATED SPECIFICATIONS
Benefits
Adding private sector innovation
Allow contractors more freedom to implement their own procedures, choose their own equipment, and conduct site-specific process control programs
Transferring risk away from the owner
M.Venkataraman, GWRL.

46. PERFORMANCE RELATED SPECIFICATIONS
Barriers
Determining good performance criteria and measures
Potential impacts to contractors performance bonds
A drastic change in corporate culture
Openness and Trust
Change of Industry mind set
Focus on solution rather services
Delivery driven by value not cost
M.Venkataraman, GWRL.

47. WORLDWIDE SCENARIO Premier Institutes and Agencies implementing PRS
FHWA
AASHTO
European Union UK
DOT, California (Caltrans)
Winconsin, DOT experienced 36% improvement in highway ride quality & 10% savings in LCC using PRS in Pavements
M.Venkataraman, GWRL.

48. Establish Performance Related Specifications
ROAD MAP TO THE FUTURE
VISION
Better translation of design and performance requirements into specifications
MISSION
Establish Performance Related Specifications
M.Venkataraman, GWRL.

49. Freedom to innovate with accountability to deliver
ROAD MAP TO THE FUTURE
GOALS
Identify relationships that link design and
construction with product performance
Develop and Implement Performance
Specifications
DRIVING FORCE
Freedom to innovate with accountability to deliver
M.Venkataraman, GWRL.

50. REFERENCES Performance Specifications Strategic Road Map, 2004
Developing Performance Specifications - Consultation response analysis report, January
M.Venkataraman, GWRL.

51. REFERENCES
INF02 Adopt Performance and Warranty Specifications to Improve the Quality of Highway Construction
M.Venkataraman, GWRL.

52. THANK YOU M.Venkataraman Garware-Wall Ropes Ltd.
Advisor, Geosynthetics Division,
Garware-Wall Ropes Ltd.
Plot No. 11, Block D-1, M.I.D.C. Chinchwad, Pune , India.
Phone: ,
Fax:
Website :
M.Venkataraman, GWRL.