1. GEOSYNTHETICS IN TEXTILES - a tool for civil engineering application By Shraddha K. Akarte Monu W. Chandpurkar GOVT. POLY., NAGPUR

2. WHAT ARE GEOSYNTHETICS ? Geosynthetics are defined as civil engineering materials that are synthesized for use with geological materials like soil, rock or any other geotechnical engineering related material to improve or modify the behavior of civil engineering works.

3. Families of Geosynthetics Geotextiles Geogrids Geomatrices Geomembrane Geosynthetic clay liner Geofoams Geocell Geocomposites

4. GEO-TEXTILE Woven, non-woven or knitted, permeable sheets, usually, but not exclusively, non-biodegradable. Landscape fabrics used in the Landscape fabrics horticultural and soft-landscaping trades. Flexible, textile-like fabrics of controlled permeability used to provide filtration, separation or reinforcement in soil, rock and waste materials

5. GEOGRIDS Tough, non-woven synthetic sheets with large (100mm+) rectanglar holes. Used for ground stabilisation. Also known as geo-nets. Stiff or flexible polymer grid-like sheets with large apertures used primarily as reinforcement of unstable soil and waste masses

6. GEO-MATRICES Geo-matrices can be thought of as 3- dimensional geo-grids, in that they are cellular and used to stabilise surface soil, gravels etc. More commonly used as a form of Grass PavingGrass Paving

7. GEO-MEMBRANE Impermeable and usually non-woven, use as a vapour or damp barrier. used as barriers for liquid or solid waste containment

8. GEOSYNTHETIC CLAY LINERS Prefabricated bentonite clay layers incorporated between geotextiles and/or geomembranes used as a barrier for liquid or solid waste containment GCLs used as a composite component beneath a geomembrane or by themselves in geo-environmental and containment applications as well as in transportation, geotechnical, hydraulic, and many private development applications.

9. GEOFOAMS A product created by a polymeric expansion process resulting in a “foam” consisting of many closed, but gas- filled, cells

10. Three-dimensional honeycombed cellular structures that form a soil confinement system when infilled with compacted soil. GEOCELLS

11. GEO-COMPOSITES A sheet that combines two or more layers of geo-synthetics. GEO-COMPOSITES A sheet that combines two or more layers of geo-synthetics.

12. Materials Used for GEOSYNTHETICS Polyester Polypropylene Polyethylene Polyamide Nylon Polyvinyl Chloride (plasticized or non- plasticized)

13. APPLICATIONS OF GEOSYNTHETICS 1. Separation 2. Reinforcement 3. Filtration 4. Drainage 5. Moisture barrier (when impregnated)

14. Separation Separation

15. REINFORCEMEN T

16. DRAINAGE

17. CONTAINMENT Involves geomembranes, geosynthetic clay liners, or some geocomposites which function as liquid or gas barriers.

18. TYPES OF GEOTEXTILES  WOVEN :  An excellent tensile strength,poor abrasion resistance and dimensional stability.  Low coefficient of permeability  Poor surface frictional characteristics.  NON-WOVEN :  ability to elongate locally to resist damage,  Better permeability and frictional resistance  tensile strength is lower than woven fabrics.  KNITTED : rarely used as geotextiles.

19. WOVEN GEOTEXTILESNON-WOVEN GEOTEXTILES MONOFILAMENT MULTIFILAMENT TAPE THERMO BONDED NEEDLE PUNCHED SPUN BONDED TYPES OF GEOTEXTILES

20. woven monofilament calendered woven monofilament nonwoven needle-punched nonwoven heat-bonded woven multifilament woven slit film

21. APPLICATION OF GEOSYNTHETIC Hydropower construction Environmental engineering Railway construction Road construction At seaports and airports Mine construction In urban construction

22. ADVANTAGES OF GEOSYNTHETICS The manufactured quality control of geosynthetics in a controlled factory environment over outdoor soil and rock construction. The thinness of geosynthetics versus their natural soil counterpart as light weight on the subgrade, less airspace used, and avoidance of quarried sand, gravel, and clay soil materials. The ease of geosynthetic installation in comparison to thick soil layers (sands, gravels, or clays) requiring large earthmoving equipment.

23. ADVANTAGES OF GEOSYNTHETICS Well advanced published standards in standards-setting organizations like ISO, ASTM, and GSI. Design methods are currently available in that many universities are teaching stand- alone courses in geosynthetics or have integrated geosynthetics in traditional geotechnical, geoenvironmental, and hydraulic engineering courses.

24. PRESENT INVENTION TO GEOSYNTHETICS Rolled erosion control products have been classified generally (and frequently imprecisely) into several categories; Erosion control nets Open weave erosion control geotextiles Erosion control blankets Geosynthetic mats

25. Recently, the Erosion Control Technology Council, which is an organization formed by rolled erosion control products providers, initiated more formal classification for these sorts of products. The categories include -low velocity degradable rolled erosion control products ("LVDRECP's"), - high velocity degradable RECP's ("HVDRECP's"), -long term nondegradable RECP's ("LTNDRECP's").

26. OBJECTS OF PRESENT INVENTION to provide low cost geosynthetic structures which may be used for erosion control, turf reinforcement, earth reinforcement and a broad variety of other applications. to provide geosynthetic structures which may be economically manufactured such as on conventional carpet tufting machinery, and whose properties in all three dimensions may be varied by changing, among other things, to provide erosion control, turf reinforcement and earth reinforcement structures which employ and capitalize on the favorable properties of geosynthetic

27. WORLD MARKET FOR GEOSYNTHETICS World Geosynthetics to 2013 – Global demand for geosynthetics is projected to increase 5.3 percent annually through 2013. China will account for the largest share of new global demand as it continues to develop large-scale infrastructure and erosion control projects. North America will remain the second largest regional market. Geogrids will achieve the fastest gains.

28. CONCLUSION It is expected that the use of geosynthetics will become increasingly routine, and that geosynthetics will be the standard material of choice for several applications. Use of geosynthetics in pavement structures (to perform the functions of separation, filtration,drainage, and reinforcement) should increase significantly in the new millennium as the benefits of these materials are quantified. In addition, the versatility and usage of geosynthetics will be enhanced with the development and adoption of in situ and rapid soil testing procedures.

29. Soccer Dome - Outside

30. Soccer Dome- Inside 124’ x 228’ x37’

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