1. Engineered Solution Provider in Geosynthetics By M. VENKATARAMAN STANDARDIZATION OF SPECIFICATIONS – INDIAN AND GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE

2. M.Venkataraman, GWRL. NEW CHALLENGES In recent years, while providing a solution, the Engineer has to face increased challenges:  Various site constraints like space, alignments etc.  Tight time schedules  Ensure max. usage of local resources (Material & Manpower), hence Cost effective!!  Least environment impact  Long term performance & higher Cost benefit ratio over a larger period of time (Least maintenance cost)

3. M.Venkataraman, GWRL. SOLUTION !!! USE OF APPROPRIATE GEOSYNTHETIC MATERIALS OFFERS THE POSSIBILITY TO SOLVE OR DRASTICALLY REDUCE THE PROBLEMS

4. M.Venkataraman, GWRL. GEOSYNTHETICS CONCRETE & STEEL

5. M.Venkataraman, GWRL. Separation Filtration Reinforcement Drainage Containment FUNCTIONS OF GEOSYNTHETICS

6. M.Venkataraman, GWRL. Geogrids (Uniaxial &Biaxial) Geotextiles Woven Geosynthetic Clay Liners Nonwoven Geomembranes Geonet OUR PRODUCT RANGE

7. M.Venkataraman, GWRL. Gabions Steel WirePolymer Rope Boulder Net GARMAT PVD Anco Drain OUR PRODUCT RANGE

8. M.Venkataraman, GWRL. GEOSYNTHETICS DIVN. ENV.PROTECTION INFRASTRUCTURE LANDFILL ENGINEERING COASTAL PROTECTION ROCKFALL PROTECTION ROADS RAILWAYS GROUND IMPROVEMENT CANAL LINING FLOOD CONTROL OUR KEY SECTORS

9. M.Venkataraman, GWRL. PRODUCTS & THEIR APPLICATIONS

10. M.Venkataraman, GWRL. Woven Geotextile - Separator (Thane, Mumbai) WOVEN GEOTEXTILES Geogrid Wraparound Wall at CH. 48 KM & CH. 50 KM, Lucknow - Muzaffarpur National Highway Project Filter - Woven geotextiles

11. M.Venkataraman, GWRL. Separator - Approach Embankment for Bridge across Vasista, Godavari at Chinchinada, A.P. (N H 5A)3 Reinforcement, Vishakapatnam Airport, Andhra Pradesh WOVEN GEOTEXTILES

12. M.Venkataraman, GWRL. GEOTEXTILE TUBE - SHORE PROTECTION Geotextile Tube HWL Geotextile Bags Woven Geotextile Shore Protection Works : Shankarpur to Halda, West Bengal, India WOVEN GEOTEXTILES Filter Material Geotextile Bags – Toe Protection Geotextile Tube Geotextile Bags Geotextile Tube After installation - During High Tide

13. M.Venkataraman, GWRL. NONWOVEN GEOTEXTILES Protection Layer, Doodhganga Canal Project, Kolhapur, Maharashtra Lining of Dry Gypsum Pond, Coromandal Fertilizers Ltd., Vishakapatnam

14. M.Venkataraman, GWRL. NONWOVEN GEOTEXTILES Protection Layer in Landfills, HZL, Visakhapatnam, A.P

15. M.Venkataraman, GWRL. Tensar® Geogrid Reinforced Soil Wall System at CSEB, – Inner Side View, towards deck slab (Korba, India) UNIAXIAL GEOGRIDS RS Wall with Gabion Facia and Geogrid as reinforcement at Bellary, Karnataka)

16. M.Venkataraman, GWRL. Geogrid Wraparound Wall at CH. 48 KM & CH. 50 KM, Lucknow - Muzaffarpur National Highway Project UNIAXIAL GEOGRIDS

17. M.Venkataraman, GWRL. Installation of Tensar SSLA30 Biaxial Geogrid at ballast level (Kazipet-Ballarshah section,, South Central Railway) Subgrade Stabilization using Tensar Biaxial Geogrids Talasari - Udhava Major Dist. Road, PWD, Maharashtra BIAXIAL GEOGRIDS

18. M.Venkataraman, GWRL. BIAXIAL GEOGRIDS Ground Improvement for Tank Foundation, HPCL, Mundra, Gujarat

19. M.Venkataraman, GWRL. Reservoir Lining, Finolex Industries, Maharashtra Doodhganga Canal Project (Kolhapur, Maharashtra) HDPE GEOMEMBRANE Lining of Dry Gypsum Pond, Coromandal Fertilizers Ltd., Vishakapatnam

20. M.Venkataraman, GWRL. HDPE GEOMEMBRANE Landfill, HZL Visakhapatnam, A.P PCMC Landfill, Pune

21. M.Venkataraman, GWRL. Shore Erosion - Swaminarayan Temple, Gujarat, India POLYMER ROPE GABIONS Groynes - Varsoli Creek, Alibaug, Maharashtra

22. M.Venkataraman, GWRL. POLYMER ROPE GABIONS Revetment - Anti Erosion Sea Bund Morbhagwa, Gujarat, India Narmada Bank Protection Works, Madhi, Gujarat

23. M.Venkataraman, GWRL. Reinforced Soil System with Gabion Facia, MRPL, Mangalore Gabion Facia Garmat TM Reinforced Soil STEEL GABIONS Gabion Retaining Wall – Lavasa Slope Retention works at Sakleshpur – Subhramanya Road Section, South Western Railways, Mysore Division

24. M.Venkataraman, GWRL. Garmat TM Erosion Control Mat (HZL, Vishakapatnam, Andhra Pradesh) GARMAT TM Garmat TM Erosion Control Mat (Mahanadi Coal Fields, Talcher, Orissa) Before After

25. M.Venkataraman, GWRL. MRPL, Mangalore ANCO DRAIN Anco Drain

26. M.Venkataraman, GWRL. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS  Properties :  Polymer Composition, Structure & Physical Properties  Mechanical Properties  Hydraulic Properties  Survivability  Installation Practices  UV Resistance

27. M.Venkataraman, GWRL. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS  Present Scenario: For any application, the technical specification includes all the properties as mandatory requirements irrespective of the function to be satisfied  It is significant to specify the properties critical for the function

28. Reinforcement - 1 Reinforcement - 2 Strain (%) Load (kN/m) 2 5 Eg: Reinforcement application It is more relevant to specify long-term strength & strength at 2% and 5% strain rather than Ultimate Strength TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

29. M.Venkataraman, GWRL. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS  Dictates the exact materials to be used in a project  No guarantee that the best available product is delivered  They focus on the Specifications and not on the Final Output (Performance)

30. M.Venkataraman, GWRL.  Aspects :- Application Function Product STANDARDIZATION OF SPECIFICATIONS  Primary - Main Properties Specifications  Secondary - Min. Properties  Any product which satisfies the Primary and Secondary specifications can be selected

31. M.Venkataraman, GWRL.  Eg: As per IRC:SP:59-2002 :- Separation & Filtration functions (unsaturated soils) AOS = 0.6 mm, Max. Value Permittivity = 0.02 Sec -1, Min. Value  Subsequently, specifies minimum strength requirements (Type I, II and III) for a geotextile depending on Installation Damage  Any geotextile with satisfies the criteria can be selected STANDARDIZATION OF SPECIFICATIONS

32. M.Venkataraman, GWRL. ApplicationFunctionsProductsMain Properties Roads, Retaining Walls Separation & Filtration Woven & Nonwoven Geotextile AOS & Permittivity Roads, Retaining Walls Drainage Nonwoven Geotextile (needle- punched) AOS & In – plane permeability Roads, Reinforced Wall & Embankments Reinforcement Woven Geotextile & Uniaxial Geogrids Creep strength & Secant Moduli @2% and 5 % strain STANDARDIZATION BASED ON APPLICATION & FUNCTION

33. M.Venkataraman, GWRL. ApplicationFunctionsProductsMain Properties Pavements - Stabilization & Reinforcement Biaxial and Triaxial Geogrids -Secant Moduli @ 2% & 5 % strain - Aperture Stability - Radial Stiffness - Junction Stiffness - Manufacturing Process Railways - Trackbed Stabilization Landfill & LiningImpervious Geomem -brane -Manufacturing Process - Raw Material - Thickness Tolerance - MFI & OIT - Width of he Roll STANDARDIZATION BASED ON APPLICATION & FUNCTION

34. CERTIFICATION – WHY ?? CONFIDENCE IN SELECTION OF PRODUCTS BY SPECIFIERS / CLIENTS

35. CERTIFICATION PROCESS  Comprehensive Assessment: - Laboratory Testing - On-Site Evaluations - Production Inspection - Consistency in Material Quality

36. BENEFITS OF CERTIFICATION  Independently verified technical specifications  Product scope / compliance with relevant materials / system  Tests – highest level of accuracy  Specifies the durability of the product in the system

37. BENEFITS OF CERTIFICATION  Design considerations -Long-term strength @ different temperatures -Installation damage factor for different size of fill material -Factor for Environmental effects (pH range) -Factor for manufacturing, extrapolation & database

38. BENEFITS OF CERTIFICATION  Installation guidance & handling of materials  Limitation / Risks – if any  Monitoring of Product manufacturing during the tenure of the Agrément

39. M.Venkataraman, GWRL.  Standardization of Specifications & Certification eventually will help to develop Performance Related Specifications (PRS)  Performance Related Specifications – Why ?? PERFORMANCE RELATED SPECIFICATIONS (PRS)

40. M.Venkataraman, GWRL.  Performance specifications describe how the finished product should perform over time  It is the bridge between design, construction quality, and long-term product performance  Specifications that use quantified quality characteristics and life cycle cost relationships correlated to product performance. PERFORMANCE RELATED SPECIFICATIONS (PRS)

41. M.Venkataraman, GWRL.  Performance Parameters – Depends on the Product and the application  Governing Factors  End Result Elements: - Bearing capacity, stability, settlements, cracking, etc.,  Functional Requirements: - Smoothness, friction, etc., PERFORMANCE RELATED SPECIFICATIONS (PRS)

42. M.Venkataraman, GWRL. Critical Quality Characteristics –Measurable and tied to product performance Prediction Tools (modelling and databases) –Verified, calibrated, validated, and made appropriate for local conditions Life Cycle Cost Analyses (LCCA) –To compare the as-designed product section to the as-built section PERFORMANCE RELATED SPECIFICATIONS  Fundamental Requirements:

43. M.Venkataraman, GWRL.  Improved link between Design and Construction  Improved and focused testing on characteristics related to performance  Promoting best practices to improve quality  Improving Flexibility, Efficiency and Value of the system  Benefits PERFORMANCE RELATED SPECIFICATIONS

44. M.Venkataraman, GWRL.  Adding private sector innovation  Allow contractors more freedom to implement their own procedures, choose their own equipment, and conduct site-specific process control programs  Transferring risk away from the owner PERFORMANCE RELATED SPECIFICATIONS  Benefits

45. M.Venkataraman, GWRL.  Determining good performance criteria and measures  Potential impacts to contractors performance bonds  A drastic change in corporate culture  Openness and Trust  Change of Industry mind set  Focus on solution rather services  Delivery driven by value not cost PERFORMANCE RELATED SPECIFICATIONS  Barriers

46. M.Venkataraman, GWRL.  Premier Institutes and Agencies implementing PRS FHWA AASHTO European Union UK DOT, California (Caltrans)  Winconsin, DOT experienced 36% improvement in highway ride quality & 10% savings in LCC using PRS in Pavements WORLDWIDE SCENARIO

47. M.Venkataraman, GWRL. ROAD MAP TO THE FUTURE VISION Better translation of design and performance requirements into specifications MISSION Establish Performance Related Specifications

48. M.Venkataraman, GWRL. ROAD MAP TO THE FUTURE GOALS  Identify relationships that link design and construction with product performance  Develop and Implement Performance Specifications Freedom to innovate with accountability to deliver DRIVING FORCE

49. M.Venkataraman, GWRL. REFERENCES  IRC: SP: 59-2002, “Guidelines For Use of Geotextiles in Road Pavements and Associated Works”, Indian Roads Congress, 2002.  Developing Performance Specifications - Consultation response analysis report, January 2004 http://www.highways.gov.uk/roads/3060.aspx

50. M.Venkataraman, GWRL. REFERENCES  INF02 Adopt Performance and Warranty Specifications to Improve the Quality of Highway Construction http://cpr.ca.gov/CPR_Report/Issues_and_Recommendations/Ch apter_4_Infrastructure/INF02.html http://cpr.ca.gov/CPR_Report/Issues_and_Recommendations/Ch apter_4_Infrastructure/INF02.html  Performance Specifications Strategic Road Map, 2004 http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/construction/pssr04tc.cfm

51. M.Venkataraman, GWRL. M.Venkataraman Advisor, Geosynthetics Division, Garware-Wall Ropes Ltd. Plot No. 11, Block D-1, M.I.D.C. Chinchwad, Pune- 411019, India. Phone: + 91-20-30780000, 30780150 Fax: + 91-20-30780350. Email : geo@garwareropes.com mvenkatraman@garwareropes.com Website : www.garwareropes.com THANK YOU