1. What is Health

2. Health Past = absence of disease or illness Today = “Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.”  “health is not just a state, but also a resource for everyday life, not the objective of living”

4. Leading cause of death in US for ages 12-19

5. 6 Aspects/Dimensions of Health Mental Social Spiritual Emotional Physical Environmental

6. Mental (thinking) Intellectual Thinking critically Motivation to master new skills Good sense of humor Creativity Detects problems and finds solutions Never stops learning  an active mind is essential to wellness.

7. Social (relating) Good communication skills Cultivating a support network of caring friends and/or family members Requires participating in and contributing to your community, county, and world.

8. Spiritual (being) To possess a set of guiding beliefs, principles, or values that give meaning and purpose to your life, especially during difficult times. Involves the capacity for love, compassion, forgiveness, altruism, joy, and fulfillment. Antidote to cynicism, anger, fear, anxiety, self- absorption, and pessimism. Spirituality is a factor in well-being when four basic needs are satisfied:  The need for having.  The need for relating.  The need for being.  The need for transcendence.

9. Emotional (feeling) Optimism Trust Self-esteem Self-acceptance Self-confidence Self-control Satisfying relationships Ability to share feelings Exploring your thoughts and feelings Identifying obstacles to emotional well being and finding solutions to emotional problems  Sometimes with the help of councilors and therapists if necessary.

10. Physical Eating well Exercising Avoiding harmful habits Making responsible decisions Learning about and recognizing the symptoms of disease Regular medical checkups Injury prevention

11. Environmental safety of food degree of violence ultraviolet radiation air and water pollution lead in an old houses paint second hand tobacco smoke protecting against such hazards

12. Psychosocial Health How we perceive all that we experience

13. Factors Influencing Psychosocial Health External Factors – parts of life we have no control Family Environment – stress and pressure Internal Factors – what is inside you Heredity Hormonal function Physical fitness

14. Factors Influencing Psychosocial Health Personality Unique mix of characteristics Influences: heredity, culture, environment Healthy Personality traits: Extroversion Agreeableness Openness to experience Emotional stability Conscientiousness

15. What is Mental Illness A group of mental disorders that causes severe disturbances in thinking, feeling and relating. People with a mental illness often have difficulty dealing with daily life. Changes in thinking, mood, behavior Decreases ability to function Leads to:  Pain; disability; injury; loss of freedom; death

16. What causes Mental Illnesses? Changes or abnormalities in the brain’s chemistry General medical factors Psychological scars/emotional trauma Heredity

17. Who can get a Mental Illness Occurs in all ages, ethnicities and religions Males and females Research underway to learn more about the reasons people develop mental illness

18. Mental Illness Facts More than half of all chronic mental illnesses start by age 14 Three-fourths of all chronic mental illnesses start by age 24 (National Comorbidity Survey Replication, funded by the National Institute of Mental Health, 2005) Many cases of mental illness start with easy-to-miss symptoms, such as mild anxiety or shyness In most cases, these symptoms will ease over time and will not interfere with a person’s life But sometimes these mild symptoms can progress into severe depression, phobias and clinical anxiety

19. Reasons for delay in seeking treatment: Lack of knowledge Lack of medical insurance Stigma – afraid of what others will think Early intervention leads to a higher chance of recovery, but stigma delays treatment

20. Common Psychosocial Problems Depression Depression strikes millions of Americans each year, with less than half receiving treatment. It is normal to feel blue or depressed in response to experiences such as the loss of something or someone of great value, divorce etc. Major depressive disorder is a form of chronic mood disorder that involves extreme and persistent sadness, despair, and hopelessness.

21. Depression Other symptoms include:  significant weight loss or weight gain.  inability to find joy in pleasure-giving activities.  preoccupied with failures, over concern with what others think.  diminished or increased appetite.  fatigue and loss of energy, slow reactions.  sleep too much or too little, insomnia.  loss of interest in close interactions with others.  withdrawal from friends and family.  feeling agitated, hopeless, or worthless.  recurring thoughts that life isn't worth living, thoughts of death or suicide.  difficulty concentrating.

22. Depression Facts and fallacies of depression.  True depression is not a natural reaction to crisis and loss.  People will not snap out of depression by using a little willpower.  Frequent crying is not a hallmark of depression.  Depression is not "all in the mind."  It is not true that only in-depth psychotherapy can cure clinical depression. Two-thirds of all people suffering from depression are women.  Biological theory states hormonal fluctuation in women as the reason.  Women may be under more stress than men.

23. Depression There are several different types of therapy used to treat depression.  Cognitive therapy aims to help patients look at life rationally.  Interpersonal therapy helps correct relationship problems.  Antidepressant drugs relieve symptoms in nearly 80% of chronic depressives.  There are many types of antidepressants available, care should be taken to fully explore the need for their use and their potential side effects before accepting a prescription. Be sure to ask your physician about the medication.  Electroconvulsive therapy is a lesser-used form of treatment.

24. Seasonal affective disorder a type of depression known as the winter blues associated with reduced exposure to sunlight treated with light therapy, stress management, sleep restriction, medication, and psychotherapy.

25. Anxiety disorders Anxiety disorders affect between 20 and 30 million people. They are plagued by persistent feelings of threat and anxiety about everyday problems of living. They include:  Generalized Anxiety Disorder involves excessive worry and anxiety that interferes with normal living.  Phobias are deep persistent fears of objects, activities, or situations.  Panic Attacks are sudden onsets of disabling terror.  Post-traumatic stress disorders (PTSD) affect people after they experience severe traumas

26. Schizophrenia - Schizophrenia is characterized by the alteration of senses; the inability to sort out incoming stimuli and to make appropriate responses; an altered sense of self; and radical changes in emotions, movements, and behaviors. Victims of this disease may not be able to function in society.  It is treatable, but not curable.  Treatments include hospitalization, medication, and supportive therapy.

27. Bipolar Disorder An illness that causes a person’s mood to swing from “high” and/or irritable (mania) to sad and hopeless, sometimes with periods of normalcy in between The symptoms for the depressed state in someone with Bipolar Disorder are the same as those in someone who has depression.  Excessive activity, restlessness, racing thoughts and rapid talking  Denial that anything is wrong  Uncharacteristically poor judgment  Decreased need for sleep  Unrealistic beliefs in one’s own powers or abilities  Easily irritated or distracted  Ongoing period of behavior that is different from usual, such as dressing or acting differently  Extreme high feelings – person is on top of the world and even bad news and tragic events can’t change those feelings