1. Greek Achievements Art, Philosophy, & Science

2. Sculpture  People were portrayed in their ideal form, paying close attention to details.  Marble and stone were realistically carved, showing muscle and detail of fabric.  People were portrayed in their ideal form, paying close attention to details.  Marble and stone were realistically carved, showing muscle and detail of fabric.

3. The Classical Greek “Ideal”

4. Discus Thrower (Discobolus) by Myron

5. Phidias’ Athena Parthenos 2002 – Nashville Replica

6. Orders of Architecture  Greek architecture had three orders: Doric, Ionic, Corinthian.  Each of these orders is clear when you look at the building’s columns.  Greek architecture had three orders: Doric, Ionic, Corinthian.  Each of these orders is clear when you look at the building’s columns. Doric Ionic Corinthian (simple) (scrolls) (acanthus leaves)

7. Greek Columns – main feature of Greek Architecture  3 types of columns 1.Doric 2.Ionic 3.Corinthian  Still used today in modern architecture  Where have you seen columns used in modern architecture?  3 types of columns 1.Doric 2.Ionic 3.Corinthian  Still used today in modern architecture  Where have you seen columns used in modern architecture?

8. Temples  Were designed using columns on the exterior  The Parthenon is the most impressive of temples still standing  The exterior and interior were decorated with carvings  Phidias created a large statue of Athena on the inside  Were designed using columns on the exterior  The Parthenon is the most impressive of temples still standing  The exterior and interior were decorated with carvings  Phidias created a large statue of Athena on the inside

10. Writing  Greeks created new forms of writing (drama and history)  Drama was part of religious ceremonies.  Scenes were performed by actors and singers to honor the gods.  Attending these plays became one of the most popular form of entertainment  Greeks created new forms of writing (drama and history)  Drama was part of religious ceremonies.  Scenes were performed by actors and singers to honor the gods.  Attending these plays became one of the most popular form of entertainment

11. Writers of Tragedies  Described hardships faced by Greek heroes  Famous writers of tragedy  Aeschylus - the father of tragedy  Sophocles wrote the famous play “Oedipus the King,” about a man who unknowingly kills is his father.  Described hardships faced by Greek heroes  Famous writers of tragedy  Aeschylus - the father of tragedy  Sophocles wrote the famous play “Oedipus the King,” about a man who unknowingly kills is his father.

12. Comedies  Made fun of people and ideas  Aristophanes - used comedy to make serious points about war, courts of law, and famous people  Made fun of people and ideas  Aristophanes - used comedy to make serious points about war, courts of law, and famous people

13. History  Thucydides was an Athenian who wrote about the Peloponesian War.  He tried to keep his account neutral.  Other historians after Thucydides wrote in a similar style.  Thucydides was an Athenian who wrote about the Peloponesian War.  He tried to keep his account neutral.  Other historians after Thucydides wrote in a similar style.

14. Philosophy  A group of people who began to question the explanations about life that Greek mythology gave  Believed in the power of the human mind to think, explain, and understand life.  A group of people who began to question the explanations about life that Greek mythology gave  Believed in the power of the human mind to think, explain, and understand life.

15. Socrates  The greatest philosopher  Socratic method - would teach by presenting a question and then challenging the answer  He encouraged students to question their own beliefs  This made leaders angry and he was tried and found guilty of corrupting the youth  His friends and students watched on as Socrates was given hemlock, drank it, and died  The greatest philosopher  Socratic method - would teach by presenting a question and then challenging the answer  He encouraged students to question their own beliefs  This made leaders angry and he was tried and found guilty of corrupting the youth  His friends and students watched on as Socrates was given hemlock, drank it, and died

16. Plato  Was a student of Socrates  Started a school - The Academy  His most famous writing was The Republic  The Republic talked about Plato’s idea for an ideal society based on justice and fairness, and run by philosophers  Was a student of Socrates  Started a school - The Academy  His most famous writing was The Republic  The Republic talked about Plato’s idea for an ideal society based on justice and fairness, and run by philosophers

17. Aristotle  A student of Plato  Believed everything should be done in moderation (not too greedy nor too giving)  Believed moderation was based on reason (clear and ordered thinking)  Made great advances in logic. He argued that you could use facts to figure out new facts.  Aristotle inspired Greek scientists to look closely at the world we live in.  A student of Plato  Believed everything should be done in moderation (not too greedy nor too giving)  Believed moderation was based on reason (clear and ordered thinking)  Made great advances in logic. He argued that you could use facts to figure out new facts.  Aristotle inspired Greek scientists to look closely at the world we live in.

18. Mathematics  Euclid - was a mathematician who focused on geometry  Many of the geometry rules you study in math comes from him  Hypatia - female who taught mathematics and astronomy  Euclid - was a mathematician who focused on geometry  Many of the geometry rules you study in math comes from him  Hypatia - female who taught mathematics and astronomy

19. Mathematics  Pythagoras  Believed everything could be explained in terms of mathematics  Pythagorean theorem – the length of the longest side of a triangle can be found using the two shorter sides  Euclid  Known for his influence on the field of “Geometry”  Wrote one of the most influential books ever on mathematics the Elements  Pythagoras  Believed everything could be explained in terms of mathematics  Pythagorean theorem – the length of the longest side of a triangle can be found using the two shorter sides  Euclid  Known for his influence on the field of “Geometry”  Wrote one of the most influential books ever on mathematics the Elements

21. Medicine  Doctors studied the human body to understand how it worked.  Hippocrates - wanted to find ways to cure disease.  Best known for the Hippocratic Oath - how doctors should behave.  Doctors studied the human body to understand how it worked.  Hippocrates - wanted to find ways to cure disease.  Best known for the Hippocratic Oath - how doctors should behave.

22. Science/Engineering  Archimedes (Physics) (287-212 BC)  Figured out value of “PI” – pretty close to it anyways  He is called the "father of integral calculus" and also the "father of mathematical physics”  Considered one the greatest mathematicians and inventers ever to live  Archimedes (Physics) (287-212 BC)  Figured out value of “PI” – pretty close to it anyways  He is called the "father of integral calculus" and also the "father of mathematical physics”  Considered one the greatest mathematicians and inventers ever to live  Lever – idea thought up by Archimedes

23. Archimedes Screw – meant to raise water

24. Archimedes Screw in Use…

25. Open-Ended Question Which of the Greek achievements has had the greatest impact on our society today? Why? Defend and explain your choice with at least 1 reason. Open-Ended Question Which of the Greek achievements has had the greatest impact on our society today? Why? Defend and explain your choice with at least 1 reason.

26. How to Answer an Open- Ended Question  R.A.C.E.  Restate the question  Answer all parts of the question  Cite details and support from what you have learned in class or from reading  Extend to today’s society and/or world.  R.A.C.E.  Restate the question  Answer all parts of the question  Cite details and support from what you have learned in class or from reading  Extend to today’s society and/or world.